词条 | Oklahoma City Crosstown Expressway |
释义 |
|state=OK |marker_image= |type=I |route=40 |map={{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=290|frame-lat=35.463|frame-long=-97.528|zoom=12|type=line|raw={{Wikipedia:Map data/Wikipedia KML/Oklahoma City Crosstown Expressway}}}} |map_custom=yes |maint=ODOT |name=Oklahoma City Crosstown Expressway |alternate_name=I-40 Crosstown |length_mi=5 |length_round=2 |established=early 1960s |direction_a=West |direction_b=East |terminus_a=Agnew Avenue in Oklahoma City |terminus_b={{Jct|state=OK|I|40|I|35|I|235|US|77|US|62}} Crossroads of America in Oklahoma City }} The Oklahoma City Crosstown Expressway, aka I-40 Crosstown, is a roughly {{convert|5|mi|km|adj=on|spell=in}} stretch of Interstate 40 (I-40) just south of Downtown Oklahoma City, running along the Oklahoma River between Agnew Avenue and the I-40/I-35/I-235 Crossroads of America junction. Prior to 2012, the I-40 Crosstown was an elevated stretch that bisected downtown. The Oklahoma City Crosstown is the de facto east–west artery through Oklahoma City, serving as an unofficial dividing line between north and south Oklahoma City (the official dividing line for address purposes is Sheridan Avenue). It is owned and maintained by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT). ContextOklahoma City Crosstown BridgeThe Oklahoma City Crosstown was the busiest of Oklahoma's many aging bridges. While the Crosstown Expressway designed to withstand about 76,000 vehicles a day,[1] by 2010 it was used by nearly 120,000 vehicles a day. The Crosstown was completed in the 1960s using an engineering process commonly termed as "fracture critical",[2] a process that has not been used since the 1970s because it does not provide redundancies.[3] According to Brian Windsor, an ODOT structural engineer, without redundant support, the failure of a single beam created the risk of total collapse of that section of bridge.[4] The entire stretch of the original I-40 Crosstown Expressway was elevated, and at some points, the elevation is as much as 50 feet (15.2 m). According to a 2006 report, Oklahoma led the nation with 6,299 "structurally deficient" bridges.[5] Attention to the Crosstown project increased after the collapse of a stretch of I-35W in Minneapolis, Minnesota on August 1, 2007. At that time, ODOT released a statement indicating that the condition of the Crosstown was "deteriorating", but that it "remained safe."[6] Concerns about whether the Crosstown Bridge would last until its 2012 replacement date increased on September 23, 2007, when a hole in the Crosstown resulted in closure of all but one lane and created significant traffic delays. Other safety problems of the Crosstown included falling chunks of concrete and a lack of breakdown lanes. In an August 2007 poll sponsored by The Oklahoman, nearly {{Frac|2|3}} of respondents indicated that they were "afraid to drive across the Crosstown bridge in Oklahoma City".[7] StatusOn January 5, 2012 eastbound traffic was transferred to the new alignment of the I-40 Crosstown Expressway, with westbound following on February 19. The original I-40 Crosstown Expressway bridge has since been removed. As of 2016 a new boulevard in its place is currently under-construction. Relocation ProjectHistory{{Update|section|date=July 2016}}In May 2002, federal funding was secured to finance replacement of the Oklahoma City Crosstown. Rather than replace the existing structure, a new stretch of I-40 will be constructed about five blocks south of the current location. Initial estimates of the Crosstown replacement project were that the project would take 8 years with a completion date of 2010,[8] and would cost $360 million.[9] The most recent revision to this estimate was released in July 2007, and indicated that the project will be completed in 2012 and will cost $557 million. The ground-level boulevard to replace the current Crosstown bridges is no longer included in the cost estimates. The new Crosstown will have ten lanes for traffic traveling at {{convert|60|mi/h|km/h}}. It is being designed to carry 170,000 vehicles per day, and will have shoulders for disabled vehicles. Over 95% of current traffic on the Crosstown is through traffic, not transferring to or from downtown streets. More recently, the Crosstown project has come under serious controversy. In an era of fluctuating energy prices and changing circumstances, several citizen's groups are challenging the project. Devon Energy announced in March 2008 it would construct a one million square foot office tower in the center of a revitalized downtown to house between 2,000 and 3,000 of its employees.[10] The Devon location will be ten blocks away from the interstate instead of four blocks, resulting in increased congestion on slower downtown streets during rush hour. Under current construction plans, part of Oklahoma City's Union Station railyard would be sacrificed to make space for the freeway, leading to concerns that this would disable the station from use in future light rail, commuter rail or traffic circulation use. An unprecedented ruling in June 2008 by the Federal Surface Transportation Board held that the BNSF railway made fraudulent representations in their request for abandonment of the freight line that would enable the Crosstown, and denied the abandonment. However, in May 2009 the final decision from the STB reversed the earlier ruling, allowing the ODOT to move ahead with their plans.[11] ODOT has not sought to redirect semitrailers off the former I-40 stretch of deteriorating overpasses. ODOT Director Gary Ridley said the current I-40 will "absolutely" survive through 2012, the completion date for the realignment, adding, "If we felt there was anything wrong that would cause us concern, we would close it, and we wouldn't think twice about it."[12] However, in a filing with STB, Ridley urged a quick ruling because "new serious issues including cracks in fracture critical members are constantly being discovered and repaired. The condition and obsolescence of the existing bridges constitutes serious concern for the Department."[13] Other highway connections, running east and west, include I-240 and I-44. Timeline
Neighborhood displacementUnder the original Environmental Impact Statement, residents of two neighborhoods were to be displaced by construction of the new Crosstown Expressway. Construction resulted in the demolition of 165 properties in the Walnut Grove and Riverside neighborhoods.[31] The realignment will now directly result in reconstruction of {{convert|590|acre|km2}} in Phase I and an additional {{convert|785|acre|km2}} in Phase II, for a total of {{convert|1375|acre|km2}} in the core of Oklahoma City.[32] Future land use (Core To Shore)After the completion of the new I-40 Crosstown, the existing bridge was demolished. While ODOT is responsible for the relocation of the I-40 Crosstown and the subsequent demolition of the existing structure, the city of Oklahoma City will take the lead in determining the future use of the land currently occupied by the existing crosstown. On June 20, 2006, the Oklahoma City Council[33] announced a $387,000 contract for professional consulting services with the URS Corporation "to recommend specific actions to facilitate redevelopment within the area impacted by the relocation of the downtown section of I-40, Reno Avenue, new I-40 alignment, Western Avenue and I-35/I-235"[33] On October 5, 2006, Oklahoma City Mayor Mick Cornett introduced the 'Core to Shore' project team which has the task of "planning and developing the area south of downtown and north of the Oklahoma River where Interstate 40 currently runs."[34] This team consists of community leaders as well as representatives from URS Corp. Exit List{{jcttop|exit|state=OK|county=Oklahoma|location=Oklahoma City}}{{OKint|exit|place={{jct|state=OK|I|40}} continues west toward Amarillo, Texas and West Suburbs}}{{OKint|exit |mile= |exit=148A |road=Agnew Avenue, Villa Avenue |notes= }}{{OKint|exit |mile= |exit=148B |road=Oklahoma City Boulevard – Downtown |notes=new Boulevard to Downtown Oklahoma City planned to follow the previous I-40 Crosstown Bridge alignment, currently in progress }}{{OKint|exit |mile= |exit=148C |road=Pennsylvania Avenue (Penn) |notes= }}{{OKint|exit |mile= |exit=149 |road=Western Avenue |notes= }}{{OKint|exit |mile= |exit=150A |road=Shields Boulevard |notes=Eastbound Exit Only }}{{OKint|exit |mile= |exit=150B |road=Robinson Avenue |notes=Westbound Exit Only – to Downtown, no Entrance }}{{OKint|exit |mile= |exit=151A |type=incomplete |road=Oklahoma City Boulevard – Downtown |notes=future boulevard along old I-40 Crosstown Bridge alignment }}{{OKint|exit |mile= |exit=151B |type=concur |road={{Jct|state=OK|I|35|dir1=South|US|62|name2=US-77 south|dir2=West}} – Dallas |notes={{ccr-end|West|I-35/US-62}} }}{{OKint|exit |mile= |exit=151C |road={{Jct|state=OK|I|235|dir1=North|name1=US-77 north|city1=Edmond}}, State Capitol, Oklahoma Health Center |notes=Also signed as exit 126 westbound, due to I-35 concurrency }}{{OKint|exit |place={{jct|state=OK|I|40}} continues east toward Fort Smith, Arkansas and East Suburbs}}{{jctbtm|col=5|keys=concur,incomplete}} References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/index.htm |title=OKC I-40 Crosstown |publisher=Okladot.state.ok.us |date= |accessdate=September 19, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831180535/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/index.htm |archivedate=August 31, 2011 }} 2. ^{{cite news |first = Paul |last = Southerland |title = Crosstown close up |work = The Daily Oklahoman |page = A11 |date = August 5, 2007 }} 3. ^{{cite book |author = Transportation Resource Board |title = Development of System Fracture Analysis Methods and Inspection Standards for Fracture Critical Steel Bridges |date = December 12, 2006 |url = http://rip.trb.org/browse/dproject.asp?n=12670 }} 4. ^{{cite news |work = The Oklahoman |date = August 5, 2007 |page = 11A }}{{full citation needed|date=June 2016}} 5. ^TRIP. 2006. Bridge conditions 2006. http://www.tripnet.org/BridgeConditions2006.pdf{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 6. ^{{cite press release |author = Oklahoma Department of Transportation |date = August 2, 2007 |title = Crosstown bridge remains safe |url = http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/press/07-000_crosstown_bridge_remains_safe.pdf |publisher = Oklahoma Department of Transportation }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 7. ^{{cite news |work = The Oklahoman |date = August 9, 2007 |page = 2A }}{{full citation needed|date= June 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|author=Oklahoma Department of Transportation |date=n.d. |title=I-40 Crosstown Expressway estimated future timeline |url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Est-Future-Timeline.pdf |publisher=Oklahoma Department of Transportation |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012005951/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Est-Future-Timeline.pdf |archivedate=October 12, 2010 }} 9. ^{{cite web |author = United States Office of Management and Budget |year = 2005 |title = I-40 Oklahoma City Crosstown Expressway earmark |url = http://www.earmarks.omb.gov/earmarks/earmark_189756.html |publisher = United States Office of Management and Budget }} 10. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.tulsaworld.com/business/article.aspx?articleID=20080314_5_E3_Devon88676 |title = Devon Energy plans downtown OKC tower |work = Tulsa World |date = March 14, 2008 |accessdate = September 19, 2011 }} 11. ^ {{dead link|date=September 2011}} 12. ^https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/10/06/ap5515823.html 13. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.stb.dot.gov/filings/all.nsf/ba7f93537688b8e5852573210004b318/a146e1f4b0d41e8b8525754e00751c99?OpenDocument |title = Surface Transportation Board Filing |publisher = Surface Transportation Board |date = January 30, 2009 |accessdate = September 19, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120323224800/http://www.stb.dot.gov/filings/all.nsf/ba7f93537688b8e5852573210004b318/a146e1f4b0d41e8b8525754e00751c99?OpenDocument |archive-date = March 23, 2012 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Time-Line-of-Events.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 19, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012010006/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Time-Line-of-Events.pdf |archivedate=October 12, 2010 }} 15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/I-40_Crosstown_History.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 19, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012005952/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/I-40_Crosstown_History.pdf |archivedate=October 12, 2010 }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Crosstown-NR5-13.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 19, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012005951/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Crosstown-NR5-13.pdf |archivedate=October 12, 2010 }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Benchmark_With_Crosstown_Property_Acquisition.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 19, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012005950/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Benchmark_With_Crosstown_Property_Acquisition.pdf |archivedate=October 12, 2010 }} 18. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Est-Future-Timeline.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 19, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012005951/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Est-Future-Timeline.pdf |archivedate=October 12, 2010 }} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/080105_I40_Crosstown_First_Construction.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 19, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012005949/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/080105_I40_Crosstown_First_Construction.pdf |archivedate=October 12, 2010 }} 20. ^1 {{cite news |first = Walter, Jr. |last = Jenny |url = http://www.edmondsun.com/opinion/local_story_165210442.html?keyword=secondarystory |title = I-40 plan may derail |department = Opinion |work = The Edmond Sun |date = |accessdate = September 19, 2011 |archive-url = https://archive.is/20130121230017/http://www.edmondsun.com/opinion/local_story_165210442.html?keyword=secondarystory |archive-date = January 21, 2013 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }} 21. ^{{cite news |last = McNutt |first = Michael |date = July 6, 2007 |title = Paving the way |work = The Daily Oklahoman |page = 15A }} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.okdemocrats.org/Websites/okdemocrats/Images/ODPStateResolutionsAdopted-2007.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=October 24, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022212750/http://www.okdemocrats.org/Websites/okdemocrats/Images/ODPStateResolutionsAdopted-2007.pdf |archivedate=October 22, 2008 }} 23. ^ {{dead link|date=September 2011}} 24. ^{{cite news |url = http://www.koco.com/news/15735162/detail.html |title = Officials: I-40 Crosstown Down To 1 Lane Due To Hole |publisher = KOCO |location = Oklahoma City, OK |access-date = March 28, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719103130/http://www.koco.com/news/15735162/detail.html |archive-date = July 19, 2011 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }} 25. ^{{cite web |url = http://regulations.justia.com/view/122973/ |title = Justia Regulation Tracker Abandonment exemption: BNSF Railway Co., |publisher = Surface Transportation Board |id = 58711–58712 [E8–23616] |via = Regulations.justia.com |date = |accessdate = September 19, 2011 }} 26. ^{{cite news |url = http://newsok.com/funding-okd-in-oklahoma-citys-crosstown-highway-plan/article/3300390 |title = Funding OK'd in Crosstown highway planMoney is still needed to tear down old one, department official says. |work = Newsok.com |date = September 20, 2008 |accessdate = September 19, 2011 }} 27. ^{{cite news |url = http://newsok.com/article/3302312/ |title = Norman council is backing Union Station resolutionGroup approaches towns to gain support |work = Newsok.com |date = September 25, 2008 |accessdate = September 19, 2011 }} 28. ^{{cite news |last = Gire |first = Amanda |url = http://www.news-star.com/localnews/x1985678055/Groups-pass-resolutions-for-rail-yard |title = Groups pass resolutions for rail yard |work = The Shawnee News-Star |date = October 9, 2008 |accessdate = September 19, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927033805/http://www.news-star.com/localnews/x1985678055/Groups-pass-resolutions-for-rail-yard |archive-date = September 27, 2011 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }} 29. ^{{cite news |last = Gire |first = Amanda |url = http://www.news-star.com/localnews/x635406324/Rail-proposal-gets-another-look |title = Rail proposal gets another look |work = The Shawnee News-Star |date = October 21, 2008 |accessdate = September 19, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927033827/http://www.news-star.com/localnews/x635406324/Rail-proposal-gets-another-look |archive-date = September 27, 2011 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }} 30. ^{{cite news |author = |url = http://www.koco.com/news/19117427/detail.html |title = Lanes Along I-40 Near Downtown, Del City Back Open |publisher = KOCO |location = Oklahoma City, OK |date = April 7, 2009 |accessdate = September 19, 2011 }} 31. ^{{cite press release|author=Oklahoma Department of Transportation |date=March 20, 2003 |title=ODOT hits benchmark with I-40 crosstown property acquisition |url=http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Benchmark_With_Crosstown_Property_Acquisition.pdf |publisher=Oklahoma Department of Transportation |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012005950/http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/newsmedia/i40-okc/press/Benchmark_With_Crosstown_Property_Acquisition.pdf |archivedate=October 12, 2010 }} 32. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.okc.gov/planning/coretoshore/faq.html |publisher = City of Oklahoma City |title = Core to Shore |date = |accessdate = September 19, 2011 }} 33. ^1 {{cite web |author = City of Oklahoma City |date = June 20, 2006 |work = Journal of Council Proceedings |title = Regular City Council Meeting June 20, 2006 |url = http://www.okc.gov/council/council_library/minutes/060620.pdf |publisher = City of Oklahoma City |access-date = November 10, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071214195834/https://www.okc.gov/council/council_library/minutes/060620.pdf |archive-date = December 14, 2007 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }} 34. ^{{cite web |author = Core to Shore Steering Committee |url = http://www.okc.gov/planning/coretoshore/documents/061005_steering_notes.pdf |publisher = Core to Shore Steering Committee |title = Meeting Synopsis |date = October 5, 2006 |access-date = November 10, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100607083650/http://www.okc.gov/planning/coretoshore/documents/061005_steering_notes.pdf |archive-date = June 7, 2010 |dead-url = yes |df = mdy-all }} External links{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}
2 : Interstate 40|Interstate Highways in Oklahoma |
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