| 词条 | Omega-regular language |
| 释义 |
The ω-regular languages are a class of ω-languages that generalize the definition of regular languages to infinite words. Büchi showed in 1962 that ω-regular languages are precisely the ones definable in a particular monadic second-order logic called S1S. Formal definitionAn ω-language L is ω-regular if it has the form
The elements of Aω are obtained by concatenating words from A infinitely many times. Note that if A is regular, Aω is not necessarily ω-regular, since A could be {ε}, the set containing only the empty string, in which case Aω=A, which is not an ω-language and therefore not an ω-regular language. Equivalence to Büchi automatonTheorem: An ω-language is recognized by a Büchi automaton if and only if it is an ω-regular language.Proof: Every ω-regular language is recognized by a nondeterministic Büchi automaton; the translation is constructive. Using the closure properties of Büchi automata and structural induction over the definition of ω-regular language, it can be easily shown that a Büchi automaton can be constructed for any given ω-regular language. Conversely, for a given Büchi automaton A = (Q,Σ,Δ,I,F), we construct an ω-regular language and then we will show that this language is recognized by A. For an ω-word w=a1,a2,... , let w(i,j) be the finite segment ai+1,...,aj-1,aj of w. For every q,q'∈ Q, we define a regular language Lq,q' that is accepted by the finite automaton (Q,Σ,Δ,q,{q'}). Lemma: We claim that Büchi automaton A recognizes language ⋃q∈I,q'∈F Lq,q' (Lq',q' - {ε} )ω. Proof: Let's suppose word w ∈ L(A) and q0,q1,q2,... is an accepting run of A on w. Therefore, q0 is in I and there must be a state q' in F such that q' occurs infinitely often in the accepting run. Let's pick the increasing infinite sequence of indexes i0,i1,i2... such that, for all k≥0, qik is q'. Therefore, w(0,i0)∈Lq0,q' and, for all k≥0, w(ik,ik+1)∈Lq',q' . Therefore, w ∈ Lq0,q' (Lq',q' )ω. Now, suppose w ∈ Lq,q' (Lq',q' - {ε} )ω for some q∈I and q'∈F. Therefore, there is an infinite and strictly increasing sequence i0,i1,i2... such that w(0,i0) ∈ Lq,q' and, for all k≥0,w(ik,ik+1)∈Lq',q' . By definition of Lq,q', there is a finite run of A from q to q' on word w(0,i0). For all k≥0, there is a finite run of A from q' to q' on word w(ik,ik+1). By this construction, there is a run of A, which starts from q and in which q' occurs infinitely often. Hence, w ∈ L(A). Bibliography
1 : Formal languages |
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