| 词条 | Omphiscola glabra |
| 释义 |
| image = Omphiscola glabra.JPG | image_caption = A live individual of Omphiscola glabra on a paper grid, scale bar 1 cm | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Mollusca | classis = Gastropoda | unranked_superfamilia = clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Panpulmonata clade Hygrophila | superfamilia = Lymnaeoidea | familia = Lymnaeidae | subfamilia = Lymnaeinae | genus = Omphiscola | species = O. glabra | binomial = Omphiscola glabra | binomial_authority = (Müller, 1774)[1] | synonyms =
}}Omphiscola glabra is a species of small to medium-size, air-breathing, freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae.[2]Omphiscola glabra is the type species of the genus Omphiscola.[3] DistributionThis European snail can be found from southern Scandinavia (61° N) to southern Spain.[4]
The distribution of Omphiscola glabra is very scattered and rare.[4] It is seriously threatened, and has become locally extinct in many places.[4] It is threatened by continuing habitat destruction because of drainage and intensive farming.[4] Acriculturally induced eutrophication is also a threat. Omphiscola glabra has disappeared widely from urbanized areas such as London.[4] Shell descriptionThe shell is strongly cylindrical, horny, often with a brownish or blackish surface, the apex is blunt, 7-8 moderately convex whorls, with last whorl being twice as high as the narrow aperture, and with aperture often with white lip.[4] The height of the shell is 9–12 mm,[4] up to 15 mm[14] or up to 20 mm.[4] The width of the shell is 3–4 mm,[4] up to 5.5 mm.[5] HabitatThis snail lives in places such as swampy meadows and ditches.[6] Omphiscola glabra is said to occur in small areas of standing water that have a lot of vegetation such as swamps, and also in standing forest waters with leaf litter, often in water with organic iron contents and low calcium contents.[4]{{Clarify|date=July 2010}} In Central France, the populations of Omphiscola glabra are currently declining because its habitat is threatened by modern agricultural practices.[7] In Britain however, this species occurs in small standing waters that are low in nutrients, with poor aquatic flora, often in waters drying out periodically.[4] They usually do not occur in habitats with high molluscan diversity, and usually in habitats on uncultivated land.[4] They are calciphile and have a pH tolerance of 5.4-8.8.[4]{{Clarify|date=July 2010}} Reproduction begins in May.[4] Juveniles hatch after 15–25 days.[4] Omphiscola glabra has two generations per year.[4] ParasitesOmphiscola glabra can serve as an intermediate host for several digenean trematodes. In France, Omphiscola glabra is naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica,[8] Calicophoron daubneyi,[9] and Haplometra cylindracea.;[10] in all, seven digenean species parasitize O. glabra in the Brenne Regional Natural Park, central France.[11]Moreover, a report suggests that the species is also susceptible to Fascioloides magna infection.[12] ReferencesThis article incorporates public domain text from the reference.[13] 1. ^Müller O. F. (1774). Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum. pp. I-XXXVI [= 1-36], 1-214, [1-10]. Havniae & Lipsiae. (Heineck & Faber). 2. ^Glöer P. (2002). Überfamilie Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque 1815. Familie Lymnaeidae Lamarck 1812. In: Glöer P. (ed.) Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord-und Mitteleuropas. Bestimmungschlüssel, Lebensweise, Verbreitung. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 73. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, pp. 200–232. 3. ^"Species in genus Omphiscola". AnimalBase, accessed 31 July 2010. 4. ^Anderson R. (2009). "Value of species datasets as baselines (non-marine Mollusca)" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724204118/http://www.biodiversityireland.ie/wp-content/uploads/Roy_Anderson.ppt |date=24 July 2011 }}. accessed 31 July 2010. 5. ^1 {{pl icon}} Jackiewicz M. (2000). Blotniarky Europy (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae). Wydawnictwo Kontekst, Poznań. 115 pp. 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Rondelaud|first1=D.|last2=Vignoles|first2=P.|last3=Dreyfuss|first3=G.|title=First field observations on the aestivation of Omphiscola glabra (Gastropoda, Lymnaeida) uninfected or infected with Fasciola hepatica in central France|journal=Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology|volume=39|issue=2|year=2009|pages=129–133|issn=0003-4088|doi=10.1051/limn/2003010}} 7. ^{{cite journal | last=Dreyfuss | first=Gilles | last2=Vignoles | first2=Philippe | last3=Rondelaud | first3=Daniel | title=Current decline in the number and size of Galba truncatula and Omphiscola glabra populations, intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica, on the acidic soils of Central France | journal=Parasite | volume=23 | year=2016 | page=46 | url=http://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2016/01/parasite160051/parasite160051.html | doi=10.1051/parasite/2016055 |PMID=27774956 | pmc=5086825}} {{open access}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Dreyfuss|first1=G.|last2=Vignoles|first2=P.|last3=Rondelaud|first3=D.|title=Natural infections of Omphiscola glabra (Lymnaeidae) with Fasciola hepatica in central France|journal=Parasitology Research|volume=91|issue=6|year=2003|pages=458–461|issn=0932-0113|doi=10.1007/s00436-003-0892-8}} 9. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Abrous | first1 = M. | last2 = Rondelaud | first2 = D. | last3 = Dreyfuss | first3 = G. | last4 = Kabaret | first4 = J. | year = 1999 | title = Infection of Lymnaea truncatula and Lymnaea glabra by Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum daubneyi in farms of central France | url = | journal = Vet. Res. | volume = 30 | issue = 1| pages = 113–118 | pmid = 10081118 }} 10. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s004360050054 | last1 = Goumghar | first1 = M. D. | last2 = Abrous | first2 = M. | last3 = Ferdonnet | first3 = D. | last4 = Dreyfuss | first4 = G. | last5 = Rondelaud | first5 = D. | year = 2000 | title = Prevalence of Haplometra cylindracea infection in three species of Lymnaea snails in central France | url = | journal = Parasitol. Res. | volume = 86 | issue = 4| pages = 337–339 | pmid = 10780746 }} 11. ^{{cite journal|last1=Rondelaud|first1=Daniel|last2=Vignoles|first2=Philippe|last3=Dreyfuss|first3=Gilles|title=Larval trematode infections in Lymnaea glabra populations living in the Brenne Regional Natural Park, central France|journal=Parasite|volume=22|year=2015|pages=38|issn=1776-1042|doi=10.1051/parasite/2015038|url=http://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2015/01/parasite150066/parasite150066.html|pmid=26692260|pmc=4686325}} {{open access}} 12. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s00436-005-0067-x | last1 = Rondelaud | first1 = D. | last2 = Novobilský | first2 = A. | last3 = Vignoles | first3 = P. | last4 = Treuil | first4 = P. | last5 = Koudela | first5 = B. | last6 = Dreyfuss | first6 = G. | year = 2006 | title = First studies on the susceptibility of Omphiscola glabra (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) from central France to Fascioloides magna | url = | journal = Parasitol. Res. | volume = 98 | issue = 4| pages = 299–303 | pmid = 16362339 }} 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "Species summary for Omphiscola glabra". AnimalBase. Last modified 24-02-2009, accessed 31 July 2010. External links
2 : Lymnaeidae|Molluscs described in 1774 |
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