| 词条 | Operation Dawn (1997) |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Operation Dawn |image= |caption= |partof=the Kurdish–Turkish conflict and Iraqi Kurdish Civil War |place=Iraqi Kurdistan |date=25 September – 15 October 1997 |result= Turkish victory (Turkish claim) [1] |combatant1={{flag|Turkey}} {{flagicon image|Former Flag of KDP.png}} Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) |combatant2={{flagicon image|Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers'_Party_1995.png}} Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) {{flagicon image|Flag of PUK.png}} Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)[2] |commander1= |commander2={{flagicon image|}} Ali Haydar Kaytan[3] |strength1={{flag|Turkey}}: 15,000 [https://books.google.com/books?id=qwBdLcnlu_oC&pg=PA204] {{flagicon image|Former Flag of KDP.png}} KDP: 8,000 [https://web.archive.org/web/20101223002128/http://timelines.ws/countries/TURKEYB.HTML] Total: 27,000 |strength2=10,000-12,000{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} |casualties1=31 killed, 91 wounded |casualties2=865 killed, 37 captured (According to Turkey) |casualties3= |notes= }}{{Campaignbox Kurdish–Turkish conflict}}{{Campaignbox Iraqi Kurdish Civil War}} Operation Dawn ({{lang-tr|Şafak Harekâtı}}) was a cross-border operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 25 September and 15 October 1997 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party. The unsuccessful result of Operation Hammer (1997) led to this operation.[4] CasualtiesTurkey announced fatalities of a total of 31 personnel of 3 commissioned officers, 24 soldiers, and 4 village guards; the injured at a total of 91 personnel out of 5 commissioned officers, 7 noncommissioned officers, 77 soldiers, and 2 village guards; and the total number of militants neutralized at 902, with 865 being killed and 37 being captured.[5] Clashes between the PKK and KDP resulted in 'considerable losses' for the KDP.[6] References1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8dBJuDfvK4gC&pg=PA233 |title=Deterring Terrorism: Theory and Practice|publisher=Stanford University Press}} {{coord missing|Iraq}}{{Turkey–Kurdistan Workers Party conflict}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gloria-center.org/2012/07/the-arab-spring-its-effects-on-the-kurds-and-the-approaches-of-turkey-iran-syria-and-iraq-on-the-kurdish-issue/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917015038/http://www.gloria-center.org/2012/07/the-arab-spring-its-effects-on-the-kurds-and-the-approaches-of-turkey-iran-syria-and-iraq-on-the-kurdish-issue/|archive-date=17 September 2012|dead-url=yes|title=THE ARAB SPRING, ITS EFFECTS ON THE KURDS, AND THE APPROACHES OF TURKEY, IRAN, SYRIA, AND IRAQ ON THE KURDISH ISSUE|accessdate=2014-10-12|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=The Kurds and the Future of Turkey|author=Gunter, M.M.|date=1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9780312172657|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWmd8IS06FgC|page=35|accessdate=2014-10-12}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Hitting the Kurds from All Sides|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1698549,00.html|accessdate=14 January 2016|agency=TIME}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://fotoanaliz.hurriyet.com.tr/GaleriDetay.aspx?cid=6755&p=4&rid=4369|title=Şafak harekatı (25 Eylül - 15 Ekim 1997)|publisher=Hürriyet|accessdate=2007-10-11}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,TUR,,469f38e91e,0.html|title=Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|publisher=unhcr.org|accessdate=2014-10-12|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017233130/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,TUR,,469f38e91e,0.html|archivedate=17 October 2012|df=dmy-all}} 5 : 1997 in Turkey|1997 in Iraq|Conflicts in 1997|Cross-border operations of Turkey into Iraq|History of the Kurdistan Workers' Party |
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