| 词条 | Operation Dawn 2 |
| 释义 |
| conflict = Operation Dawn 2 | width = | partof = Iran–Iraq War – the Northern Front | image = | caption = | date = July 22, 1983 – ? 1983 | place = Iraqi Kurdistan | coordinates = | map_type = | map_relief = | latitude = | longitude = | map_size = | map_marksize = | map_caption = | map_label = | territory = Iran captures strategic Haj Omran highlands | result = Decisive Iranian victory
| status = | combatants_header = | combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Iraq|1963}} | combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Iran}} {{flagicon image|Flag_of_KDP.png}} Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) | commander1 = | commander2 = {{flagicon|Iran}} Hujjat-ul-Islam Mostafa Raddanipoor{{KIA}} (commander of 14th Imam Hossein Division) {{flagicon|Iran}} Mahmoud Kaveh (commander of 155th Shohada Special Brigade) {{flagicon image|Flag_of_KDP.png}} Massoud Barzani See #Order of battle for more | units1 = See #Order of battle | units2 = See #Order of battle | strength1 = 24 infantry battalions 4 commando and special forces battalions 4 border guard battalions[1] | strength2 = Pasdaran: 16 infantry battalions Army: 6 infantry battalions 1 mechanized battalion 1,500 militiamen[1] | casualties1 = 4,000+ killed or wounded 164 captured 50 military outposts destroyed or captured Destroyed: 5 aircraft 9 helicopters 40 tanks and APCs 45 vehicles several heavy/semi-heavy weapons Captured: 20 tanks and APCs 12 artillery pieces (122 mm) dozens of M40 recoilless rifles 50 vehicles several engineering vehicles[2][3] | casualties2 = 284 killed 487 wounded 134 captured or missing[4] | notes = | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Iran-Iraq War}} }}Operation Dawn 2 or Operation Valfajr-2 ({{lang-fa|عملیات والفجر 2}}) was an Iranian operation during the eight-year-long Iran–Iraq War. This operation opened a new front in northern Iraq/Iraqi Kurdistan also known as "the Northern Front". Despite Turkish help, this region was Iraq's weak point during the war as the Kurds sided with Iran.[5] PreludeIn the year leading up to the operation, fighting between Iraqi and Iranian forces drew to a stalemate on the southern front. Iranian forces repeatedly used human wave attacks in the southern marshlands and deserts, only to be repulsed by forces of the Iraqi Third Corps. However, the Iranian government managed to win favor of the Kurdish people in parts of northern Iraq, thus allowing the opportunity to take the war north. The main objective of the mission was the frontier town of Haj Omran, which was nestled on the border and surrounded by mountainous terrain. Rebels of the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq would prove a great asset to the advancing Iranians, given their knowledge of the terrain and the people. The battleOn July 22, Iranian forces advanced from Piranshahr and were highly successful against the Iraqis, effectively seizing Haj Omran in the process. The Iranians and Kurdish guerrillas made use of elevated ridges to launch ambushes on Iraqi positions and convoys. In all, they seized roughly {{convert|150|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} of Iraqi territory. Iraq responded with counteroffensive, launching an airborne assault and employing the use of poison gas for the first time in the entire war. The Iraqis hit Iranian troops on mountain tops near Haj Omran with mustard gas while their troops advanced in the slopes. The Iraqis were unfamiliar with the properties of poison gas and the agent descended back down to the exposed Iraqi troops.[5] At the same time, the rugged terrain held up Iraqi tanks. The use of helicopter gunships was also hampered, since the Iranian and Kurdish fighters had better cover. These were the deciding factors that contributed to Iraq's loss of the battle. Order of battle
Malik Ashtar Command
References1. ^http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/written/%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-2-1 2. ^http://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4468500/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B12-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 3. ^1 http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/fight/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-2 4. ^http://www.8najaf.com/?p=92 5. ^1 [https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/brianjamesdunn/fgwsummaryforweb.html&date=2009-10-25+13:58:40 The First Gulf War (Iran and Iraq at War in the 1980s)] 6. ^http://www.mobarezclip.com/?p=7014 7. ^http://www.8najaf.com/?p=9114 8. ^http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/news/29-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%9B-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B12
3 : Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1983|Military operations involving chemical weapons during the Iran–Iraq War|Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War involving the Peshmerga |
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