| 词条 | Abéché | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Abéché |other_name = |native_name = أبشي |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Abeche rout.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Main Road in Abeche |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Chad |pushpin_mapsize=300 |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chad |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Chad}} |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Ouaddaï Region |subdivision_type2 = Department |subdivision_name2 = Ouara |subdivision_type3 = Sub-Prefecture |subdivision_name3 = Abéché |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2012 |population_footnotes = [1] |population_note = |population_total = 76492 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Ethnicities |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title =Religions |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = Central Africa |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = not observed |utc_offset_DST = +1 |coordinates = {{coord|13|49|59|N|20|50|05|E|region:TD|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 542 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }}Abéché (Arabic: أبشي, ʾAbishī) is the 4th largest city in Chad, the capital of Ouaddaï Region. The town is served by Abéché Airport. It has within it the remnants of the ancient capital, including palaces, mosques, and the tombs of former sultans.[2] HistoryThe city of Abéché was made capital of the Wadai Sultanate in the 1890s, after the wells at Ouara, the former capital, had dried out. In 1909, French troops invaded the Kingdom and established a garrison in Abéché. France took power, forcing the sultan to renounce his throne. At that time, Abéché was the largest city in Chad with 28,000 people, but major epidemics reduced the population to 6000 in 1919. In 1935, the sultanate was restored by orders of the French government, and Muhammed Ouarada, heir to the throne after his father became king. Once one of the strongholds of the Arabic slave trade route, the city is known today for its markets, mosques, church, square (the Place de l'Indépendance) and for its sultan's palace. Abéché has several schools, a hospital, a university and is one of the major garrisons of the Armee Nationale du Tchad ANT . There is a small airport {{Airport codes|AEH|FTTC}}, Airport ID: AE, operated sunrise to sunset (SR-SS) with flights to N'Djaména. On 25 November 2006, the city was taken by the Union of Forces for Democracy, a rebel group that seeks to depose president Idriss Déby. Extensive looting took place during the night. On the same day, nearby Biltine was captured by the Rally of Democratic Forces, another rebel group. A day later, both cities were retaken by the Chadian army.[3] On 30 October 2007, the city came to international attention when 17 French volunteers working for the charity Zoé's Ark were arrested there for alleged child abduction. Abeche is the centrum for the delivery of humanitarian assistance for approx. 240,000 Darfurian refugees living in 12 camps east of the town, in the border region to Sudan. A number of organizations opened office 2003 and 2004, e.g. UNHCR, the Red Cross, the German GTZ and UNICEF. DemographicsDemographic evolution:
EconomyIt is surrounded by savanna and is an important cattle raising center.[2] The manufacture of camel-hair blankets is one of the industries of the area.[2] TransportationIt has major roads connecting itself to the capital, N'Djamena, as well as Sarh, and also to neighboring Sudan.[2] The city is also served by Abéché Airport. EducationThe Lycee Franco-Arabe school is located here.[2] ClimateAbeche is the hottest major city in Chad.[5] It gets 336 days a year above {{convert|32|C|F}}. Its rainy season is in mid-year, from June to September. The hottest months are from March to June. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot semi-arid climate (BSh). It is one of the hottest cities on earth with average year-round daily high of over 36 degrees Celsius, and an average daily mean of around 29 degrees Celsius. {{Weather box|location = Abéché |single line = yes |metric first = yes |temperature colour= |Jan high C = 33.5 |Feb high C = 35.7 |Mar high C = 38.2 |Apr high C = 40.2 |May high C = 40.0 |Jun high C = 38.4 |Jul high C = 34.7 |Aug high C = 32.0 |Sep high C = 34.0 |Oct high C = 37.3 |Nov high C = 35.8 |Dec high C = 34.0 |year high C = 36.2 |Jan mean C = 24.9 |Feb mean C = 27.6 |Mar mean C = 30.3 |Apr mean C = 32.7 |May mean C = 32.8 |Jun mean C = 31.6 |Jul mean C = 28.7 |Aug mean C = 27.0 |Sep mean C = 28.2 |Oct mean C = 29.8 |Nov mean C = 27.9 |Dec mean C = 25.4 |year mean C = 28.9 |Jan low C = 16.1 |Feb low C = 18.3 |Mar low C = 22.1 |Apr low C = 25.1 |May low C = 25.7 |Jun low C = 24.8 |Jul low C = 23.6 |Aug low C = 22.3 |Sep low C = 22.3 |Oct low C = 22.6 |Nov low C = 20.7 |Dec low C = 17.8 |year low C = 21.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 0.0 |Feb precipitation mm = 0.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 0.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 3.2 |May precipitation mm = 12.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 34.6 |Jul precipitation mm = 98.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 166.2 |Sep precipitation mm = 53.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 5.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 0.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 0.0 |Jan humidity = 20 |Feb humidity = 17 |Mar humidity = 16 |Apr humidity = 18 |May humidity = 27 |Jun humidity = 41 |Jul humidity = 60 |Aug humidity = 71 |Sep humidity = 61 |Oct humidity = 35 |Nov humidity = 23 |Dec humidity = 23 |year humidity = 34 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 0 |Feb precipitation days = 0 |Mar precipitation days = 1 |Apr precipitation days = 2 |May precipitation days = 4 |Jun precipitation days = 6 |Jul precipitation days = 12 |Aug precipitation days = 14 |Sep precipitation days = 7 |Oct precipitation days = 2 |Nov precipitation days = 1 |Dec precipitation days = 0 |year precipitation days = |Jan sun = 316.2 |Feb sun = 291.2 |Mar sun = 300.7 |Apr sun = 300.0 |May sun = 313.1 |Jun sun = 300.0 |Jul sun = 254.2 |Aug sun = 226.3 |Sep sun = 261.0 |Oct sun = 306.9 |Nov sun = 312.0 |Dec sun = 319.3 |year sun = 3500.9 |Jand sun = 10.2 |Febd sun = 10.4 |Mard sun = 9.7 |Aprd sun = 10.0 |Mayd sun = 10.1 |Jund sun = 10.0 |Juld sun = 8.2 |Augd sun = 7.3 |Sepd sun = 8.7 |Octd sun = 9.9 |Novd sun = 10.4 |Decd sun = 10.3 |yeard sun = 9.6 |source 1 = World Meteorological Organization[6] |source 2 = NOAA (sun and humidity),[7] Climate-Data.org, altitude: 544m (for mean temperatures)[8] }} ImagesReferences1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-205&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&va=&pt=a|title=World Gazetteer|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501213454/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-205&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&va=&pt=a|archivedate=1 May 2013}} {{Portal|Chad}}{{Commons category|Abéché}}{{Coord|13|49|59|N|20|50|05|E|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Abeche}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite encyclopedia |editor-first=Dale H. |editor-last=Hoiberg|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Abéché|edition=15th |year=2010|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. |volume=I: A-ak Bayes |location=Chicago, Illinois |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|pages=24}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6185074.stm|title=Chad denies rebel move on capital|publisher=BBC News|date=26 November 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909093638/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6185074.stm|archivedate=9 September 2013}} 4. ^World Gazetteer: Chad {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209080832/http://bevoelkerungsstatistik.de/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=de&dat=32&geo=-205&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&pt=c&va=x |date=9 February 2012 }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.climate-charts.com/Countries/Chad.html |title=Chad Climate Index |publisher=Climate Charts |accessdate=27 October 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718222825/http://www.climate-charts.com/Countries/Chad.html |archivedate=18 July 2013 }} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1169| title = World Weather Information Service–Abeche| publisher = World Meteorological Organization| accessdate = June 24, 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/TE/64756.TXT| title = Abeche Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = June 24, 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/15877/ |title=Climate: Abéché - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |accessdate=27 October 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190930/http://en.climate-data.org/location/15877/ |archivedate=29 October 2013 }} 2 : Populated places in Chad|Ouaddaï Region |
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