| 词条 | Orangi Town |
| 释义 |
|name = Orangi|native_name= {{nq|اُورنگی}} |settlement_type = Municipality |image_skyline = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = OrangiTown Karachi.PNG |map_caption = Union councils of Orangi Town |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Pakistan |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Sindh |subdivision_type2 = City District |subdivision_name2 = Karachi |parts_type = Union Councils |parts_style = coll,para |parts = 13 |p1 = Baloch Goth Bilal Colony Chisti Nagar Data Nagar Ghabool Town Ghaziabad Hanifabad Haryana Colony Iqbal Baloch Colony Madina Colony Mohammad Nagar Mominabad Mujahidabad |government_footnotes = |government_type = Town Council |leader_title = Former Town Nazim |leader_name = Abdul Haq |leader_title1 = Former Naib Nazim |leader_name1 = Shahid Bashir |leader_title2 = Municipal Officer |leader_name2 = Qamaruddin Shaikh |established_title = Established |established_date = 14 August 2001 |area_magnitude = 1 E+6 |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = 22 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =1540420 |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW= |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = Orangi Town Page | blank_name = Office Location | blank_info = Municipal Head Office Orangi Town No. 12, Karachi. | blank1_name = E-mail | blank1_info = orangi@karachicity.gov.pk | blank2_name = Contact | blank2_info = (021)36697869-36650833 |footnotes = }}Orangi Town ({{lang-sd|اُورنگي ٽاؤن}}, {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|اُورنگی ٹاؤن}}}}) is a town in the northwestern part of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It is bordered by New Karachi Town to the north across the Shahrah-e-Zahid Hussain, Gulberg Town to the east across the Gujjar Nala stream, Liaquatabad Town to the south, and SITE Town to the west. There are 13 official neighborhoods, each with its own council, which has allowed the township to build its own sewer system. Additionally, as only of 18 districts of Karachi, Orangi has government representation, albeit in the lowest tier of the government. It is a lower class settlement with basic amenities of life available to most of the people. Only some parts of Orangi Town can be characterized as a slum.[1][2][3] DemographyThere are several ethnic groups in Orangi Town including Muhajirs, Punjabis, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras, Ismailis, etc. A significant population of these Muhajirs are Biharis who migrated from Bihar in 1947 and East Pakistan in 1971.[4][5] Orangi town has a population of approximately 2.5 million although government records report 700,000 inhabitants.[5] HistoryOrangi became famous in the 1980s when local inhabitants became frustrated at the lack of development in the area by the municipal administration and launched the Orangi Pilot Project under the guidance of Akhtar Hameed Khan.[6] The Orangi area was the largest squatter settlement in Karachi at the time, so the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC) did not extend services to the Orangi community.[7] The local community financed, designed and built their own low-cost sewerage system.[8] GeographyOrangi stretches out from the Khasba Hills, North Nazimabad and Paposh Nagar towards the northern parts of Karachi. The Khasba Hills forms a natural boundary between Orangi Town and North Nazimabad Town. The City District Government has constructed a road through the Khasba Hills connecting Orangi Town with North Nazimabad Town.[9] Orangi Pilot Project{{Main|Orangi Pilot Project}}Orangi poverty alleviation project (Orangi Pilot Project, OPP) was initiated by Akhtar Hameed Khan in 1980. The project was aimed at socio-economic development of the population of the vast Orangi area of Karachi.[10] As the project director, Khan proved to be a dynamic and innovative leader.[11] The project comprises a number of programs, including a people's financed and managed Low-Cost Sanitation Program;[12] a Housing Program; a Basic Health and Family Planning Program; a Program of Supervised Credit for Small Family Enterprise Units; an education Program; and a Rural development Program in the nearby villages.[13] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/05/dharavi-mumbai-slum/jacobson-text?fs=seabed.nationalgeographic.com |title=National Geographic Magazine |publisher=Ngm.nationalgeographic.com |date= |accessdate=2018-12-20}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://seabed.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0705/feature3/index.html|title=National Geographic: Dharavi, Mumbai's Shadow City|publisher=}} 3. ^File:Principaux Bidonvilles.png#Raw data 4. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zX9CAAAAYAAJ&q=orangi+town+bihar&dq=orangi+town+bihar&cd=1| title = Corpses or rights (by Jīlānī Cāndpūrī, Vajāhat Ḥusain Ṣiddīqī ʻAlvī Qādrī|publisher = Halqa-e-Alvia|quote=It was during those days i.e. before 1986 that a public meeting was held in a locality inhabited by refugees from Bihar – Orangi Town Bihar colony of...|accessdate = 2010-02-22}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/oct2009-weekly/nos-18-10-2009/kol.htm#1| title = The quest for Bihari identity|publisher = Daily Jang|accessdate = 2010-02-22}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2014/03/15/remembering-dr-akhtar-hameed-khan/|title=Remembering Dr Akhtar Hameed Khan - Pakistan Today|website=www.pakistantoday.com.pk}} 7. ^Hasan, Arif (1999) Akhtar Hameed Khan and the Orangi Pilot Project. City Press, Karachi. {{ISBN|969-8380-20-5}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/upgrading/case-examples/ce-PK-ora.html|title=ORANGI PILOT PROJECT|website=web.mit.edu}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://jang.com.pk/|title=Daily Jang Urdu News - Pakistan News - Latest News - Breaking News|website=jang.com.pk}} 10. ^Axinn, George H (1997) Book Review. Agriculture and Human Values, Vol. 14, No. 2, (June). ISSN 0889-048X p. 193 11. ^Nigam, Ashok and Rasheed, Sadig (1998) Financing of Fresh Water for All: A Rights Based Approach, UNICEF Staff Working Papers. Evaluation, Policy and Planning Series, No. EPP-EVL-98-003 12. ^Khan, Akhtar Hameed (1997) The sanitation gap: Development's deadly menace. The Progress of Nations. UNICEF 13. ^Khan (1996) External links
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