“Order of the Lion and the Sun”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Order of the Lion and the Sun

释义

Foreign recipients
In literature
See also
Notes
References
Sources
External links

{{About|the Order of the Lion and the Sun||Order of the Lion (disambiguation){{!}}Order of the Lion}}{{Expand French|Ordre du Lion et du Soleil|date=January 2016}}{{Infobox order
|title = Order of the Lion and the Sun
|image =
|caption = Officer's Medal of the Order
|image2 =
|caption2 = Ribbon of the Order
|awarded_by =

Head of the Iranian Imperial Family
|type = Dynastic Order
|motto =
|day =
|eligibility =
|for =
|status =
|head_title = Sovereign
|head = Crown Prince Reza of Iran
| head2_title =
| head2 =
|chancellor =
|commander =
|grades = Knight/Dame Grand Cordon, Knight/Dame Grand Officer, Knight/Dame Commander, Knight/Dame Officer, Knight/Dame, Companion
|former_grades = Knight Grand Cross with Collar
|date = 1808 - 1926 (National Order of Humayoun)
1926 - 1979 (National Order of the Lion and the Sun)
1979 - present (House Order)
|house = House of Pahlavi
|religion =
| higher = Order of Aqdas
| lower = Order of the Crown
Order of the Pleiades
| same =
|ribbon =
}}

The Imperial Order of the Lion and the Sun was instituted by Fat’h Ali Shah of the Qajar Dynasty in 1808 to honour foreign officials (later extended to Persians) who had rendered distinguished services to Persia. In 1925, under the Pahlavi dynasty the Order continued as the Order of Homayoun with new insignia, though based on the Lion and Sun motif. This motif was used for centuries by the rulers of Persia, being formally adopted under Mohammad Shah.

The order is abbreviated as KLS, for Knight of Lion and Sun.^[1]

The order was senior to the Order of the Crown. It was issued in five grades.

Foreign recipients

Major-General Sir John Malcolm was the first foreign recipient in 1810. Other foreign recipients include:

Maksud Alikhanov-Avarsky (1846—1907), Russian Lieutenant-General (1884, 1900 & 1902)
Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley (1811)
Sir Gore Ouseley (1770–1844), British ambassador to Persia and oriental scholar (1812)
General Nikolay Rtischev (1754-1835), Russian signatory to the Treaty of Gulistan (1813){{sfn|Mikaberidze|2005|page=341}}
Major-General Sir Henry Lindsay-Bethune (1787–1851), commander of Persian infantry regiments (1816)
General Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov (1777—1861), Russian ambassador to Persia 1817 (1817)
Sir Robert Ker Porter (1777–1842), artist and diplomat (1819)
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1821)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Henry Willock, British envoy to Persia 1815–1826 (1826)
Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich (1782–1856), Russian soldier (1828)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Kinnear MacDonald, British envoy to Persia 1826–1830 (1828)
Abbasqulu ağa Bakıxanov Qüdsi, Azerbaijani writer, historian, journalist, linguist, poet, and philosopher (1829)
Aleksander Griboyedov (1795–1829), diplomat and playwright, Russian ambassador to Persia 1829 (1829)
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia and Kingdom of Italy
Sir John McNeill, British Envoy to Persia 1836–1842 (1833)
Sir Mancherjee Merwanjee Bhownagree, KCIE
Sir George Hayter (1792–1871), British portrait painter
Armand Trousseau, French medical scientist
Heinrich Alfred Barb, Austrian scholar, interpreter and scholar of the Persian language
Marshal Francois Achille Bazaine (1811–1888), French soldier
Brigadier-General Alexandre Percin, French soldier.^[2]
Seth Apcar
Sir Albert Abdullah David Sassoon (1889)
Henry Blosse Lynch^[3]
Thomas Kerr Lynch^[3]
General Sir Albert Houtum-Schindler
Honourable Lennox Hannay Lindley, MB, Chief Physician to the Shah of Persia (First class, 1902)^[4]
Garabet Hagopian (1906)^[5]
Karl Georg Graf Huyn (1909)
Hugh Bateman-Champain (1920)^[6]
Edward Granville Browne (1922)
Major-General Sir Frederick Sykes
General Wladyslaw Anders,^[7] commanding officer of 2nd Polish Corps in World War II
Ernest Yarrow, Christian missionary and a witness to the Armenian Genocide
General Boris Möller, Swedish gendarmerie officer (1914–1915)
Baron Eric Hermelin, Swedish translator of classical Persian poetry (1943)
Sir Francis Michie Shepherd (1892-1962), British Ambassador to Persia, 1950-1952.

In literature

Anton Chekhov has a short story titled The Lion And The Sun. The story is about a mayor who had "long been desirous of receiving the Persian order of The Lion and the Sun".

Notes

On 6 September 1900, the mayor of Mariánské Lázně, Dr. Nadler, was decorated with the Commander Cross of the Lion and the Order of the Sun by the Shah during an official visit.

References

1. ^{{cite book |last1=Kaye |first1=Jonn William |title=The life and correspondence of Major-General Sir John Malcolm, G. C. B., late envoy to Persia, and governor of Bombay |date=1856 |publisher=Smith, Elder and Co. |location=London |pages=31-32 |url=https://archive.org/stream/lifecorresponden02kaye#page/31/mode/1up |accessdate=31 July 2018}}
2. ^Percin Ordre du Lion et du Soleil
3. ^¹J.M. Hammond. Battle in Iraq: Letters and Diaries of the First World War, [https://books.google.com/books?id=gOQBAwAAQBAJ&pg=DPA25 p. 25]
4. ^{{London Gazette| issue=27431 |page=3011 |date=16 May 1902}}
5. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Army and Navy Gazette|last=|first=|date=24 November 1906|work=Army and Navy Gazette|access-date=}}
6. ^[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31736/supplement/705 The Gazette, supplement 705]
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://nekropole.info/en/Wadysaw-Anders|title=Wladyslaw Anders|access-date=2016-07-22}}

Sources

{{cite book|last1=Mikaberidze|first1=Alexander|title=Russian Officer Corps of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars|date=2005|publisher=Casemate Publishers|isbn=978-1611210026|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=j2BwBPz4QFQC&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s|ref=harv}}

External links

The Qajar Dynasty: Orders & Decorations
Qajar Orders and Decorations
Orders & Decorations of Pahlavi dynasty are exhibited in the ORDER section of the website

2 : Civil awards and decorations of Iran|Awards established in 1808

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