“Order of the Paulownia Flowers”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The {{Nihongo|Order of the Paulownia Flowers|桐花章|Tōka shō}} is an order presented by the Japanese government. Established in 1888 during the Meiji Restoration as the highest award in the Order of the Rising Sun; however, since 2003 it has been an Order in its own right.^[1] The only grade of the order is {{Nihongo|Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers|旭日桐花大綬章|Kyokujitsu tōka daijushō}}, which ranks higher than the Order of the Rising Sun but lower than the Order of the Chrysanthemum.

Traditionally, the order has been conferred upon eminent statesmen, former prime ministers and senior cabinet ministers, diplomats and judges. It may be conferred posthumously, and is the highest regularly conferred honor in the Japanese honors system. Awards are not made annually; only 24 individuals have been decorated with the order since 2003: 18 Japanese (three posthumously), three Americans (one of Japanese descent, United States Senator Daniel Inouye), one Indian (former Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh)^[2], one Singaporean (the first Prime Minister of Singapore, Mr Lee Kuan Yew, awarded posthumously) and one Malaysian (the fourth and current Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad)^[3].

Insignia

The badge for the Order is a gilt cross with white enameled rays, bearing a central emblem of a red enameled sun disc surrounded by red rays, and with three paulownia blossoms between each arm of the cross. It is suspended from three enameled paulownia leaves on a sash in red with white border stripes, and is worn on the right shoulder.

The star for the Order is the same as the badge, but without the paulownia leaves suspension. It is worn on the left chest.

Complete listing of ordinary (non-royal) recipients of the Order

Ordinary recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (1888–2003)

Awards to living recipients

Posthumous awards

Ordinary recipients of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers (from 2003)

Awards to living recipients

Posthumous awards

Foreign recipients

See also

Notes

1. ^Japan, Cabinet Office: Decoration Bureau
2. ^Japanese Wikipedia article
3. ^Japanese Wikipedia
4. ^^ Милисав Савић: „Дринска дивизија", Лозница 2009. године, 242-251. страна; {{ISBN|978-86-912717-0-1}} COBISS 167983628
5. ^Honor conferred 1963 -- Konrad Adenauer Stiftung {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518114701/http://www.konrad-adenauer.de/index.html |date=18 May 2013 }}: Biographie, Orden und Ehrenzeichen {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705044158/http://www.konrad-adenauer.de/orden_ehrenzeichen.html |date=5 July 2013 }}; Kyokujitsu-sho, Orden der Aufgehenden Sonne, 1. Klasse, Großkreuz (22 März 1960); Kyokujitsu Tokwa Daiju-sho (Orden der Aufgehenden Sonne mit Paulownia-Blüten ((2 Dezember 1963). {{de icon}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/publications/legport1/denison.html |title=New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources |publisher=Nh.gov |date= |accessdate=2011-11-05}}
7. ^¹Honor conferred 1917 -- {{London Gazette|issue=30363|supp=y|page=11322|date=30 October 1917}}
8. ^https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32586/page/641
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://jasgp.org/content/view/442/179/ |title=Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia - Ben Franklin's Descendants in Japan |publisher=Jasgp.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-05}}
10. ^Department of the Army, Headquarters: General Orders, No. 13 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811171152/http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/go6413.pdf |date=11 August 2009 }}. 6 April 1964.
11. ^Ottoman frigate Ertuğrul
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mannerheim.fi/13_erity/kunnmerk.htm |title=No. 77, ''Nousevan Auringon Ritarikunnan I luokka Paulovniakukkasin, Japani'' (Finnish) |publisher=Mannerheim.fi |date= |accessdate=2011-11-05}}
13. ^Honor conferred 1990 -- Campi, Alicia. "The Role of Mike Mansfield in Consolidating Mongolia's International Status and in Establishing Diplomatic Relations with the United States," {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727064221/http://www.mansfieldfdn.org/programs/program_pdfs/us_mongolia.pdf |date=27 July 2011 }} The Mansfield Foundation. 17 May 2007.
14. ^Sleeman, Elizabeth (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=jn_GG55gKm8C&pg=PA1547&lpg=PA1547&dq=george+shultz+order+of+the+rising+sun&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10#v=onepage&q=george%20shultz%20order%20of%20the%20rising%20sun&f=false The International Who's Who 2004, p. 1547].
15. ^Honor conferred in 2013. "François Fillon sera décoré par le Japon" Le Figaro, 7 May 2013
16. ^Trilateral Commission: Foley, bio notes
17. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/s/1689510/dr-m-to-receive-top-japanese-govt-award-for-extraordinary-contributions-as|date=3 November 2018|accessdate=3 November 2018|publisher=Malay Mail|title=Dr M to receive top Japanese govt award for ‘extraordinary contributions’ as PM|work=Tony Emmanuel}}

Insignia

Complete listing of ordinary (non-royal) recipients of the Order

Ordinary recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (1888–2003)

Awards to living recipients

Posthumous awards

Ordinary recipients of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers (from 2003)

Awards to living recipients

Posthumous awards

Foreign recipients

See also

Notes

References

External links