| 词条 | Ordre des Palmes Académiques | |||
| 释义 |
|title = Order of Academic Palms |image = |caption = Commander's neck badge and ribbon |image2 = Commander Officer Member/Knight |caption2 = The three graded ribbon bars of the Order |awarded_by = Ministry of National Education of the French Republic |type = Order of merit |motto = |day = |eligibility = |for = Distinguished contributions to education or culture |status = Currently constituted |head_title = Grand Master |head = President Emmanuel Macron | head2_title = Chancellor | head2 = Jean-Michel Blanquer, the Minister of National Education |chancellor = |commander = |grades = Commander, 1st Class Officer, 2nd Class Member/Knight, 3rd Class |former_grades = |established = Decoration: 1808 Order: 1955 |first_induction = |last_induction = | total = | recipients = | higher = Médaille de la Résistance | lower = Order of Agricultural Merit |ribbon = }} The Ordre des Palmes académiques (French for "Order of Academic Palms") is a national order bestowed by the French Republic to distinguished academics and figures in the world of culture and education. Originally established in 1808 by Emperor Napoleon as a decoration to honour eminent members of the University of Paris, it was changed into its current form as an order of merit on 4 October 1955 by President René Coty.[1] HistoryDecorationThe early Palmes académiques was instituted on 17 March 1808 and was bestowed only upon teachers or professors.[1][2] In 1850, the decoration was divided into two known classes:
In 1866, the scope of the award was widened to include major contributions to French national education and culture made by anyone, including foreigners. It was also made available to any French expatriates making major contributions to the expansion of French culture throughout the rest of the world.{{Citation needed|reason=I cannot find a reference at present.|date=February 2017}} OrderSince 1955,[2] the Ordre des Palmes académiques has comprised three grades, each grade having a fixed number of recipients:
Decisions on nominations and promotions are decided by the Minister of National Education. For those not connected to state-sponsored public education, or the Ministry of National Education, these honours are announced on 1 January, New Year's Day. For all others, they are made on 14 July, which is French National Day.{{Citation needed|reason=I cannot find a reference at present.|date=February 2017}} Notable recipients{{Category see also|Chevaliers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques|Officiers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques|Commandeurs of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques}}French recipients{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Foreign recipients{{main|List of foreign recipients of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques}}
Insignia
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Décret n°55-1323 du 4 octobre 1955 portant institution d'un ordre des Palmes académiques.|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006060720&dateTexte=20100713|website=Legifrance|publisher=French Republic|accessdate=February 17, 2017}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|title=Les Palmes académiques, la plus ancienne distinction civile|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/hauts-de-seine-92/les-palmes-academiques-la-plus-ancienne-distinction-civile-22-02-2011-1325807.php|accessdate=February 18, 2017|work=Le Parisien|date=February 22, 2010}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Hieronymussen|first1=Poul Ohm|title=Orders, medals, and decorations of Britain and Europe in colour|date=1970|publisher=Blandford Press|location=London, U.K.|isbn=9780713704457|oclc=768124951|page=162}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=MONIQUE ADOLPHE|url=http://www.armb.be/index.php?id=1376|website=Académie royale de médecine de Belgique|accessdate=February 18, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Evangelista|first1=Nick|title=The Encyclopedia of the Sword|date=1994|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|location=Westport, Connecticut|isbn=9780313278969|oclc=29954316|page=14|url=https://books.google.com/?id=TyJ8ebnS1HMC&pg=PA14&lpg=PA14&dq=Michel+Alaux+palme+academique#v=onepage&q=Michel%20Alaux%20palme%20academique&f=false}} 6. ^Lawrence, Francis L. Leadership in Higher Education: Views from the Presidency (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 2006), 345. 7. ^Javad Tatabai {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105063402/http://paris-iea.fr/en/resident/javad-tabatabai |date=2013-11-05 }}, Institut d'études avancées de Paris 8. ^{{cite news |title=Former deputy minister Wentworth dies|newspaper=The Namibian|date=5 June 2014|url=http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?id=13687&page_type=story_detail&category_id=1}} Further reading
External links
4 : Civil awards and decorations of France|Orders of knighthood of France|1955 establishments in France|Orders of merit |
|||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。