| 词条 | Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge |
| 释义 |
| name = Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge | iucn_category = IV | photo = Haystack rock 00022.jpg | photo_caption = Haystack Rock at Cannon Beach | location = Oregon | nearest_city = | coordinates = {{coord|44.1831763|N|124.1220644|W|region:US-OR_source:gnis|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = [1] | area = {{convert|1,083|acre}} [2] | established = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = United States Fish and Wildlife Service | website = Oregon Islands NWR | created = 1935 }} Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge is a U.S. National Wildlife Refuge off the southwestern Oregon Coast. It is one of six National Wildlife Refuges comprising the Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex. The Oregon Islands provides wilderness protection to 1,853 small islands, rocks, and reefs plus two headlands, totaling {{convert|371|acre}} spanning {{convert|1,083|acre}} [2] of Oregon's coastline from the Oregon–California border to Tillamook Head. There are sites in six of the seven coastal counties of Oregon. From north to south they are Clatsop, Tillamook, Lincoln, Lane, Coos, and Curry counties. (Douglas County is the only coastal Oregon county not included in the refuge.) HistoryThe Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge was created in 1935 by the federal government.[3] Haystack Rock off Cannon Beach was added to the refuge in 1968, and then became a wilderness area in 1978.[4] The first mainland addition to the refuge came in 1991 when Coquille Point near Bandon was added.[5] In 1999, the shipwreck of the New Carissa near Coos Bay spilled oil that killed some birds at the refuge.[6] Wildlife and accessIt is a sanctuary for nesting seabirds of thirteen species—some of the most important nesting seabird colonies in the U.S. Over 1.2 million individuals nest in colonies here, more than on the California and Washington coasts combined.[3][6][7] The most prevalent species are common murres, tufted puffins, rhinoceros and Cassin's auklets, pigeon guillemots, Leach's storm-petrels, several species of gulls, and Caspian terns.[11] Four species of pinniped breed, molt, and rest on these lands, including harbor seals, Steller and California sea lions.[7][8] The southern portion of the refuge provides the greatest number of breeding and pupping sites for Steller sea lions in the U.S. outside Alaska.[9] Except for Tillamook Rock Light and its surrounding {{convert|1|acre|m2|adj=on}} rock, all the islands are closed to public access. Boats must remain at least {{convert|500|ft}} away,[10] and aircraft are asked to maintain at least {{convert|2000|ft|m|-2|abbr=on}} clearance.[8][11] However, good viewing is possible from Coquille Point in Bandon and other locations suggested by the Oregon Coast Birding Trail.[7] The area is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.[9] See also
References1. ^{{cite gnis|1161465|Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge}} 2. ^1 {{FWS area|2009}} 3. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://library.fws.gov/Refuges/oregoncoast00.pdf | title = Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuges | publisher = United States Fish and Wildlife Service | date = October 12, 2000 | format = PDF | pages = 6 | accessdate = 2007-09-14}} 4. ^ {{cite news | author = Tobias, Lori | title = Local guardians of Haystack Rock look for backup | publisher = The Oregonian | date = May 18, 2007}} 5. ^ {{cite web | url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1216/is_n1_v189/ai_12668355 | author = Henderson, Bonnie | title = The wild worlds of the Oregon coast | publisher = Sunset | date = July 1992 | accessdate = 2007-09-18}} 6. ^1 {{cite news | author = Hill, Richard L. | title = Spill has no mercy on Oregon seabirds | publisher = The Oregonian | date = March 14, 1999}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web | url = http://www.fws.gov/oregoncoast/oregonislands/index.htm | title = Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge | publisher = United States Fish and Wildlife Service | accessdate = 2007-09-14}} 8. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.fws.gov/oregoncoast/index.htm | title = Welcome to the Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex Home Page! | publisher = United States Fish and Wildlife Service | accessdate = 2007-09-14}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web | url = http://www.wilderness.net/index.cfm?fuse=NWPS&sec=wildView&wname=Oregon%20Islands%20Wilderness | title = Oregon Islands Wilderness | publisher = Wilderness.net | accessdate = 2007-09-14}} 10. ^ {{cite web | url = http://www.fws.gov/oregoncoast/PDF/Boat%20Poster.pdf | title = Help Protect Marine Wildlife | format = PDF | publisher = United States Fish and Wildlife Service | accessdate = 2007-09-14}} 11. ^ {{cite web | url = http://www.fws.gov/oregoncoast/PDF/Pilots%20Poster%20FINAL.pdf | title = Pilots: Please Help Protect Marine Wildlife in Oregon | format = PDF | publisher = United States Fish and Wildlife Service | accessdate = 2007-09-14}} External links{{Commons category|Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge}}
18 : 1935 establishments in Oregon|Islands of Oregon|Landforms of Clatsop County, Oregon|Landforms of Coos County, Oregon|Landforms of Curry County, Oregon|Landforms of Lane County, Oregon|Landforms of Lincoln County, Oregon|Landforms of Tillamook County, Oregon|National Wildlife Refuges in Oregon|Oregon Coast|Protected areas of Clatsop County, Oregon|Protected areas of Coos County, Oregon|Protected areas of Curry County, Oregon|Protected areas of Lane County, Oregon|Protected areas of Lincoln County, Oregon|Protected areas of Tillamook County, Oregon|Wilderness Areas of Oregon|Protected areas established in 1935 |
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