| 词条 | Orient Airways | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| airline = Orient Airways | image = Orient_Airways_Logo.png | caption = Orient Airways's logo | IATA = - | ICAO = - | callsign = Orient | founded = 1947 | commenced = 4 June 1947 | ceased = 11 March 1955
| bases = KarachiDaccaAzad Jammu Kashmir | aoc = | hubs = | focus_cities = | frequent_flyer = | fleet_size = 10 Douglas DC-3 3 Convair 240 | destinations = | parent = | num_employees = | headquarters = Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan | key_people = Mirza Ahmad Ispahani (Chairman)Mirza Abol Hassan Ispahani (Managing Director) Captain T. Neville Stack (General Manager) }}[1] Orient Airways Ltd. was an airline established in 1946 with its base in Calcutta, Bengal, British India. The airline shifted operations to the newly independent state of Pakistan in 1947,[2] and was rechristened as Pakistan International Airlines in 1955.[3][4] It was the first and only Muslim owned airline in British Raj and flew from 1947 to 1955.[5][6]HistoryThe airline was registered in Calcutta, British Raj on 23 October 1946.[7] The initial investment was provided by the Ispahani, Adamjee, and the Arag group.[7] Mirza Ahmad Ispahani, being its first Chairman, and Air Vice Marshal O.K. Carter, the General Manager, obtained an operating licence on May 1947. Four Douglas DC-3s were obtained from Temple, Texas in February 1947 and operations first started on 4 June 1947.[7] The designated route was Kolkata-Sittwe (then known as Akyab)-Yangon (Myanmar), which also happened to be the first post-war international operation to be flown by an airline registered in the British Raj. Orient Airways, along with the help of some chartered BOAC aircraft, started relief operations and transportation of the population between Delhi and Karachi, the capitals of India and Pakistan, respectively. Later, Orient Airways transferred its base to Pakistan and established the vital link between Karachi and Dhaka (Dacca). With a skeleton fleet of just two DC-3s, three crew and twelve mechanics, Orient Airways re-launched its scheduled operations. The initial routes were Karachi-Lahore-Peshawar, Karachi-Quetta-Lahore, and Karachi-Delhi-Kolkata-Dhaka. By the end of 1949, Orient Airways had acquired 10 DC-3s and 3 Convair 240s which it operated on these particular routes. In 1950, it had become increasingly apparent that additional capacity would have to be inducted in order to cater to the growing needs of the South Asia. On 11 March 1955, the government of Pakistan merged Orient Airways with other airlines to form Pakistan International Airlines. LiveryOrient Airways aircraft had a green strip with the word "Orient Airways" or "Orient Skyliner". The tail was marked with the flag of Pakistan after the independence on 14 August 1947.[8] FleetOrient Airways aircraft fleet consists of the following aircraft.[9]
Former fleet
Services [10]RoutesThe following return routes were advised by the Board (1948):
Other routes operating
AirmailOrient Airways was the designated local carrier for airmail throughout the country. It also carried mail to India. Its services to Dacca were supplemented by BOAC's. Accidents and incidentsOrient Airways experienced has lost only two aircraft in crashes in 1952 and 1953 respectively.[12] 1950s
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://karachiandthecrown.blogspot.com/2013/08/airlines-orient-airways.html |title=History of Orient Airways |access-date=2019-02-07}} {{Airlines of Pakistan}}{{Pakistan International Airlines}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}2. ^{{cite news|url=http://labs1.tribune.com.pk/pia-descent/|title=PIA's Seventy Year Long Descent|work=The Express Tribune|first=Saad|last=Hasan|date=23 May 2016|accessdate=29 April 2018}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=James J Lynch|title=Airline Organization in the 1980s: An Industry Report on Strategies and Structures for Coping withChange|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZOvCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98|date=11 November 1984|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-349-07630-7|pages=98–}} 4. ^{{cite book|author1=Ernesto Sánchez-Triana|author2=Javaid Afzal|author3=Dan Biller|author4=Sohail Malik|title=Greening Growth in Pakistan through Transport Sector Reforms: A Strategic Environmental, Poverty, and Social Assessment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUISAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205|date=18 July 2013|publisher=World Bank Publications|isbn=978-0-8213-9930-9|pages=205–}} 5. ^Formation of Muslim-owned economic institutions: 1940-1947 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207071749/http://www.dawn.com/events/pml/review9.htm |date=7 February 2009 }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.piac.com.pk/pia_about/pia-about_history.asp |title= Pakistani International Airlines: About PIA - History |access-date= 20 March 2014 }} 7. ^1 2 Civil Appeal nos 172K to 175K, 177K to 182 K of 2009 Judgement of the Supreme Court of Pakistan pg 6. Retrieved 31 October 2015 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DOrient%2BAirways%26b%3D81%26ni%3D20%26ei%3Dutf-8%26y%3DSearch%26xargs%3D0%26pstart%3D1%26fr%3Dmoz35&w=625&h=435&imgurl=www.edcoatescollection.com%2Fac5%2FROW%2520Asia%2FAP-AEF.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edcoatescollection.com%2Fac5%2FROW%2520Asia%2FAP-AEF.html&size=34k&name=AP+AEF+jpg&p=Orient+Airways&oid=768403fffad695f6&fr2=&no=86&tt=325&b=81&ni=20&sigr=11srljr5j&sigi=11khmu5si&sigb= |title=Image Detail for - http://www.edcoatescollection.com/ac5/ROW%20Asia/AP-AEF.jpg |publisher=Images.search.yahoo.com |date= |accessdate=4 March 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://karachiandthecrown.blogspot.com/2013/08/airlines-orient-airways.html |title=History of Orient Airways |access-date=2019-02-07}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://karachiandthecrown.blogspot.com/2013/08/airlines-orient-airways.html |title=History of Orient Airways |access-date=2019-02-07}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1948/1948%20-%201030.html |title=History of Orient Airways|access-date=2019-02-07}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://karachiandthecrown.blogspot.com/2013/08/airlines-orient-airways.html |title=History of Orient Airways |access-date=2019-02-07}} 8 : Defunct airlines of Pakistan|Airlines established in 1946|Airlines disestablished in 1955|1946 establishments in India|Pakistan International Airlines|1955 disestablishments in Pakistan|Mergers and acquisitions of Pakistani companies|1955 mergers and acquisitions |
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