| 词条 | Orion VII |
| 释义 |
| name = Orion VII | image = | caption = Top: Orion VII Hybrid Middle: Orion VIING Hybrid Bottom: Orion VII EPA10 | manufacturer = Orion Bus Industries | aka = | production = {{ubl|2001–07 (original)|2007–11 (Next Gen)|2010–13 (EPA10)}} | assembly = | predecessor = {{ubl|Orion V|Orion VI}} | successor = | class = Transit bus | body_style = monocoque | layout = RR | platform = | engine = {{ubl|Cummins ISL (diesel)[1]|Cummins ISL-G (CNG)[1]|Detroit Diesel S50 (diesel/CNG)[3][4]|Cummins ISB (diesel-electric hybrid)[1]}} | transmission = {{ubl|Allison|Voith|ZF}} | wheelbase = {{ubl|{{convert|190|in|m|2|abbr=on}} (30' NG)[1]|{{convert|226|in|m|2|abbr=on}} (35' NG)[1]|{{convert|286|in|m|2|abbr=on}} (40' NG)[1]}} | length = over bumpers: {{ubl|{{convert|33|ft|2.23|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (30' NG)[1]|{{convert|36|ft|2.23|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (35' NG)[1]|{{convert|41|ft|2.23|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (40' NG)[1]}} | width = {{convert|101.8|in|m|2|abbr=on}}[1] | height = {{convert|127|to|133|in|m|2|abbr=on}}[3][4][15] | weight = {{ubl|{{convert|27950|to|30220|lb|kg|-2|abbr=on}} (40')[2][3][4]|{{convert|29730|to|31610|lb|kg|-2|abbr=on}} (40' EPA10)[5][6][7]}} | related = | designer = | sp = us }} The Orion VII was a line of low-floor transit buses available in 30' rigid, 35' rigid, and 40' rigid lengths manufactured by Orion Bus Industries between 2001 and 2013 in three generations. The buses were powered by conventional diesel or natural gas engines using a T-drive transmission coupling, and a series hybrid variant powered by a diesel-driven generator was also available. The Orion VII replaced the fully low-floor Orion VI and high-floor Orion V buses, and was manufactured until its parent company DaimlerChrysler withdrew from the transit bus market in 2013. DesignThe two-piece windshield of the original Orion VII has the driver's windshield canted towards the back of the bus to reduce reflections; the second and third generations also had a two-piece windshield, but both panes are curved similarly and collectively resemble a single piece. Externally, the three generations may also be distinguished by the position of the top of the doors. In the original Orion VII, the top of both the front and rear doors is at the same level as the top of the side windows. In the Orion VII Next Generation (VIING), the top of the front door is at the level as the bottom of the standee windows. In the Orion VII EPA10, the tops of both doors are at the height of the bottom of the standee windows. The Orion VII uses a monocoque stainless steel frame clad with aluminum and fiberglass panels.[2] The interior floor height is {{convert|15.5|in}}[1] except for the portion starting at the rear wheels, which is elevated to provide mechanical clearance for the engine and transmission. All conventional (diesel/CNG) buses use longitudinally-mounted engines with a T-drive transmission coupling driving the rear axle. Series hybridLockheed Martin Control Systems (later acquired by BAE Systems)[8] developed the HybriDrive™ series hybrid propulsion system[9] used in the Orion VII.[26] In this system, the diesel engine is mounted transversely and drives a generator, and an electric motor drives the wheels directly.[10] A roof-mounted battery pack supplies additional power for acceleration and hill-climbing. The traction motor is rated at {{convert|250|hp|kW|abbr=on}} continuous and {{convert|320|hp|kW|abbr=on}} peak, offering a stall torque of {{convert|2700|lbft|Nm|abbr=on}}. The traction motor also operates as a generator for regenerative braking, with the power returned to the battery pack.[11] According to a 2008 paper, the Orion VII hybrid buses, in service with New York City Transit since 2002, had per-mile maintenance costs comparable to CNG-fueled buses, with improved overall operating costs per mile mainly due to better fuel economy ({{convert|3.00|to|3.22|mpgUS|l/km|abbr=on}} for the hybrids evaluated, compared to {{convert|2.33|mpgUS|l/km|abbr=on}} diesel equivalent for the CNG buses).[12]Allison hybridOrion announced the Allison Hybrid H 40 EP two-mode parallel/series hybrid system would be offered starting in 2011.[13] It is not known whether any Orion VII buses were delivered with the Allison hybrid powertrain. DeploymentAlthough New York City had previously evaluated ten Orion VI and five NovaBus RTS buses[14] equipped with series hybrid propulsion as a small pilot program starting in 1998,[15] the first major deployment of hybrid buses were the 125 Orion VII HybriDrive™ buses ordered in 2001/02.[16] In 2013, New York MTA announced plans to convert approximately {{frac|4}} of their hybrid fleet back to conventional diesel power;[34] after the warranty expired, the agency was not willing to bear the cost of traction motor replacement.[17] {{main|Orion VII (Toronto Transit Commission bus)}}The Toronto Transit Commission is another notable operator of the Orion VII, having purchased buses in both diesel and series hybrid diesel-electric propulsion configurations between 2002 and 2012. The San Francisco Municipal Railway (SF Muni) announced the acquisition of 86 series hybrid Orion VII buses in 2004, delivered in the last half of 2007;[18][19] however, the hybrid buses proved to be unreliable.[20] Competition
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web |url=http://www.orionbus.com/orion/0-867-1232398-1-10945-1-0-0-0-0-1-10595-584008-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |title=Product Specifications: Orion VII (2007 - 2009) |publisher=Orion Industries |archivedate=December 26, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226172002/http://www.orionbus.com/orion/0-867-1232398-1-10945-1-0-0-0-0-1-10595-584008-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |deadurl=yes}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite report |url=http://apps.altoonabustest.psu.edu/buses/reports/12.pdf |title=STURAA Test: 12 Year, 500,000 Mile Bus from Orion Bus Industries, Inc,; Model Orion VII |date=January 2002 |publisher=The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Bus Testing and Research Center |location=Altoona, Pennsylvania |accessdate=14 March 2019}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite report |url=http://apps.altoonabustest.psu.edu/buses/reports/53.pdf |title=Partial STURAA Test: 12 Year, 500,000 Mile Bus from Orion Bus Industries, Model Orion VII |date=February 2003 |publisher=The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Bus Testing and Research Center |location=Altoona, Pennsylvania |accessdate=14 March 2019}} 4. ^{{cite report |url=http://apps.altoonabustest.psu.edu/buses/reports/76.pdf |title=Partial STURAA Test: 12 Year, 500,000 Mile Bus from Orion Bus Industries, Model Orion VII |date=December 2003 |publisher=The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Bus Testing and Research Center |location=Altoona, Pennsylvania |accessdate=14 March 2019}} 5. ^1 {{cite report |url=http://apps.altoonabustest.psu.edu/buses/reports/400.pdf |title=Partial STURAA Test: 12 Year, 500,000 Mile Bus from Daimler Buses North America Ltd., Model Orion VII EPA10 Diesel |date=April 2012 |publisher=The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Bus Testing and Research Center |location=Altoona, Pennsylvania |accessdate=14 March 2019}} 6. ^{{cite report |url=http://apps.altoonabustest.psu.edu/buses/reports/370.pdf |title=STURAA Test: 12 Year, 500,000 Mile Bus from Daimler Buses North America Ltd., Model Orion VII EPA10 |date=November 2010 |publisher=The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Bus Testing and Research Center |location=Altoona, Pennsylvania |accessdate=14 March 2019}} 7. ^{{cite report |url=http://apps.altoonabustest.psu.edu/buses/reports/391.pdf |title=Partial STURAA Test: 12 Year, 500,000 Mile Bus from Daimler Buses North America Ltd., Model Orion VII EPA10 CNG |date=February 2012 |publisher=The Pennsylvania Transportation Institute, Bus Testing and Research Center |location=Altoona, Pennsylvania |accessdate=14 March 2019}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/release/2147/bae-buys-lockheed-unit-for-$510m-(apr.-27).html |title=BAE Systems Agrees to Acquire Control Systems Business From Lockheed Martin for $510 Million |date=April 27, 2000 |publisher=Lockheed Martin |accessdate=29 March 2019}} 9. ^{{cite conference |url=https://trid.trb.org/view/658052 |title=HybriDrive Proulsion System: A cleaner, more efficient way to go! |author=Grewe, T |date=May 1998 |conference=The 1998 Bus Operations, Technology and Management Conference |publisher=American Public Transportation Association |location=Phoenix, Arizona |accessdate=29 March 2019}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dcbusna.com/Projects/c2c/channel/documents/845706_Orion_Hybrid_Transit_Presentation_Q1_2009.pdf |title=Orion VII Hybrid Product Overview |publisher=Daimler Buses North America |date=2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331054129/http://www.dcbusna.com/Projects/c2c/channel/documents/845706_Orion_Hybrid_Transit_Presentation_Q1_2009.pdf |archivedate=March 31, 2010 |deadurl=yes}} 11. ^1 {{cite report |url=https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/42217.pdf |title=BAE/Orion Hybrid Electric Buses at New York City Transit: A Generational Comparison |author=Barnitt, Robb |date=March 2008 |publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory |accessdate=26 March 2019}} 12. ^{{cite conference |url=https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/42534.pdf |title=In-Use Performance Comparison of Hybrid Electric, CNG, and Diesel Buses at New York City Transit |author=Barnitt, Robb A. |conference=International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants |publisher=SAE International |date=June 2008 |location=Shanghai, China |accessdate=26 March 2019}} 13. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.metro-magazine.com/bus/news/285348/allison-hybrid-system-to-be-offered-on-orion-vii |title=Allison hybrid system to be offered on Orion VII |date=August 16, 2010 |work=Metro Magazine |accessdate=29 March 2019}} 14. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.dieselnet.com/news/1999/01lmco2.php |title=Lockheed Martin to deliver more diesel electric propulsion systems for New York City buses |date=13 January 1999 |work=Dieselnet |accessdate=29 March 2019}} 15. ^{{cite report |url=https://afdc.energy.gov/files/pdfs/nyct_diesel_hybrid_final.pdf |title=New York City Transit diesel hybrid-electric buses: Final results |author1=Chandler, Kevin |author2=Walkowicz, Kevin |author3=Eudy, Leslie |date=July 2002 |publisher=Department of Energy / National Renewable Energy Laboratory |accessdate=29 March 2019}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/30736.pdf |title=Advanced Technology Vehicles in Service: New York City Transit – Diesel Hybrid Electric Buses |date=September 2001 |publisher=National Renewable Energy Laboratory |accessdate=26 March 2019}} 17. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/new-york-city-scrapping-nearly-fourth-its-hybrid-bus-engines-100-diesel-bus-engines-1329977 |title=New York City Scrapping Nearly A Fourth Of Its Hybrid Bus Engines For 100% Diesel Bus Engines |author=Young, Angelo |date=July 1, 2013 |newspaper=International Business Times |accessdate=29 March 2019}} 18. ^{{cite press release |url=https://archives.sfmta.com/cms/apress/SFMuniPressReleaseSeptember2004MunitoAcquireHybridBuses.htm |title=Muni to Be First Transit Agency in California to Acquire Buses With Latest Hybrid Bus Technology |date=September 8, 2004 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency |accessdate=29 March 2019}} 19. ^{{cite report |url=https://archives.sfmta.com/cms/rsrtp/documents/12Chapter7-FleetPlan31accessibleFY08PublicDraftforMTAB10-2fm.pdf |title=DRAFT FY 2008 SRTP for Public Review |chapter=7: Fleet Program |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency |accessdate=29 March 2019}} 20. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.sfweekly.com/news/shock-and-awe-the-little-hybrid-engine-that-couldnt/ |title=Shock and Awe: The Little Hybrid Engine That Couldn't |author=Eskenazi, Joe |date=January 8, 2014 |newspaper=SF Weekly |accessdate=29 March 2019}} External links{{commons category}}
3 : Buses of Canada|Buses of the United States|Vehicles introduced in 2001 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。