| 词条 | Oscar Egg |
| 释义 |
| name = Oscar Egg | image = Oscar Egg.jpg | full_name = Oscar Egg | nickname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1890|3|2|df=y}} | birth_place = Schlatt, Switzerland | death_date = {{death date and age|1961|2|9|1890|3|2|df=y}} | death_place = Nice, France | discipline = Road and track | role = Rider | ridertype = | amateuryears1 = | amateurteam1 = | proyears1 = 1911 | proteam1 = Griffon | proyears2 = 1912–1914 | proteam2 = Peugeot | proyears3 = 1915–1916 | proteam3 = Individual | proyears4 = 1917–1919 | proteam4 = Bianchi | proyears5 = 1920–1926 | proteam5 = Individual | majorwins = set the hour record 3 times 2 stages Tour de France (1914) 1 stage Giro d'Italia (1919) Paris Tours (1914) Milano–Torino (1917) }}Oscar Egg (2 March 1890 – 9 February 1961) was a Swiss track and road bicycle racer. He captured the world hour record three times before the First World War and won major road races and stages of the Tour de France and Giro d'Italia. He was also a noted developer of racing bicycles and bicycle components including lugs and derailleurs.[1][2] The hour recordBetween 1907 and 1914 Oscar Egg and Marcel Berthet improved the hour record six times between them.[3] Egg's 1914 mark of 44.247 km then stood until 1933. Egg set all three of his records at the Vélodrome Buffalo in Paris. The track was a 333m outdoor track surfaced with concrete. The sequence was as follows:
Only Chris Boardman has equaled Egg and Berthet's feat of taking the record three times. The last record, set by Egg in 1914, would stand for nearly 20 years until it was broken in 1933 by Francis Faure on a Mochet velocar. This caused such a reaction that Faure's achievement was disqualified by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) in 1934. RacingRoad{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
Tour de France: Winner stages 8, 10 and 11 (independents category)
{{SUI}} national road race championship[4] Paris–Tours Tour de France: Winner stages 4 and 5
Milano–Torino Milano-Modena
Giro d'Italia: Winner stage 3 Circuit des Champs de Bataille {{div col end}}dropped out in stage 2[5] TrackMajor track victories include: {{div col|colwidth=30em}}
Six days of Chicago
Six days of Chicago (with Francesco Verri)
Six days of New York (with Marcel Dupuy) {{SUI}} national track championship
He defeated Alfred Goullet on July 4, 1921 at the Newark Velodrome in Newark, New Jersey[6] Six day race in New York with Piet van Kempen. Six days of Paris (with Georges Sérès père)
Six Days of Ghent (with Marcel Buysse)
Six days of Paris (with Piet Van Kempen) Six days of Chicago (with Maurice Brocco)
Six days of Chicago (with Alfred Grenda) Bol d'Or
{{SUI}} national track sprint championship{{div col end}}{{s-start}} {{s-ach|rec}} {{s-bef|before=Marcel Berthet}} {{s-ttl|title=UCI hour record (42.122 km)| years = 22 August 1912-7 August 1913}} {{s-aft|after=Marcel Berthet}} {{s-bef|before=Marcel Berthet}} {{s-ttl|title=UCI hour record (43.525 km)| years = 21 August 1913-20 September 1913}} {{s-aft|after=Marcel Berthet}} {{s-bef|before=Marcel Berthet}} {{s-ttl|title=UCI hour record (44.247 km)| years = 18 August 1914-25 August 1933}}{{s-end}} Cycling componentsOscar Egg owned a bicycle shop and workshop in Paris,[7] and began manufacturing racing bicycles and components after he retired from racing.[2] Aerodynamic fairingsEgg tested an aerodynamic fairing in the form of a tail cone on a bicycle labeled the rocket-bike (vélo-fusée in French) in 1913.[8][9] In response to the success of the Vélo-Vélocar in the 1930s, Egg created a streamlined recumbent in an effort to be the first to travel more than 50 kilometers in a single hour, but he was beaten to it by Francis Faure in an actual Vélo-Vélocar.[10] DerailleursEgg introduced his first derailleur, called Champion, in 1932.[11] It supported as many as 3 different gear ratios and consisted of two parts: a fork mounted near the rear sprocket for moving the chain and a separate tension arm mounted near the front chainring for taking up slack.[11] Shifting gears required back-pedaling.[11] He followed up in 1933 with the Super Champion.[11] It was the official derailleur of the French, Belgian, Spanish, and German Tour de France teams in 1937, the first year that derailleurs were permitted in the race.[11] The device became so popular that more than 1 million were manufactured by 1939.[11] Egg Super Champion derailleurs were marketed in Britain by the Constrictor Tyre and Accessories Company under the name Osgear.[12] By the 1950s, fork-type derailleurs, such as the Egg Super Champion, were superseded by double pulley designs, and production ceased before 1960.[13] LugsEgg developed and marketed lugs for the assembly of steel bicycle frames by brazing.[14] Frames exist with decals advertising the fact that they use "Oscar Egg Super Champion Lugs".[14] OtherOther components bearing Egg's name include brakes, cranks, fork crowns, frames, and hubs.[15][1] References1. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.oldbike.eu/museum/1940s/1955-1959/1959-velo-course-oscar-egg/| title = 1959 Velo de Course ‘Oscar Egg’| publisher = The Online Bicycle Museum| accessdate = 2017-10-14}} 2. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.classicrendezvous.com/France/bicycles/Egg_Oscar.htm| title = Oscar Egg| author = Michael Butler| publisher = Classic Rendezvous| accessdate = 2017-10-14}} 3. ^{{cite news|last1=Clemitson|first1=Suze|title=Why Jens Voigt and a new group of cyclists want to break the Hour record|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/100-tours-100-tales/2014/sep/19/why-jens-voigt-and-a-new-group-of-cyclists-want-to-break-the-hour-record|accessdate=19 September 2014|publisher=The Guardian|date=19 September 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/wedstrijdfiche.php?wedstrijdid=1236 |title=National Championship, Road, Elite, Switzerland (Men) |accessdate=11 March 2015 |work=Cycling Archives}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://rouleur.cc/journal/history/circuit-des-champs-de-bataille|first=Tom|last=Isitt|title=Circuit des Champs de Bataille|work=Rouleur|date=9 July 2014|accessdate=13 November 2015}} 6. ^{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=Defeats Goullet in Australian Pursuit Race at Newark Velodrome |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D16F63D5A1B7A93C6A9178CD85F458285F9 |quote=Oscar Egg, the gritty Swiss bicycle star, defeated Alfred Goullet, all-around champion America, in a hard fought Australian pursuit race at the Velodrome here today. Egg and Goullet fought for three... |work=New York Times |date=July 4, 1921 |accessdate=2010-10-03 }} 7. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.disraeligears.co.uk/Site/Super_Champion_derailleurs.html| title = Super Champion| author = Mike Sweatman| publisher = Disraeli Gears| accessdate = 2017-10-13}} 8. ^{{cite book| title = The Bicycle| author = Pryor Dodge| publisher = Flammarion| date = July 3, 2001| page = 207| ISBN = 9782080135513}} 9. ^{{cite book| title = Bicycle Design| author = Tony Hadland and Hans-Erhard Lessing| publisher = MIT Press| date = 2014| page = 405}} 10. ^{{cite book| title = Bicycle Design| author = Tony Hadland and Hans-Erhard Lessing| publisher = MIT Press| date = 2014| page = 485}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book| title = The Dancing Chain| author = Frank J. Berto| year = 2009| publisher = Van der Plas Publications| pages = 117–121}} 12. ^{{cite book| title = The Dancing Chain| author = Frank J. Berto| year = 2009| publisher = Van der Plas Publications| page = 136}} 13. ^{{cite book| title = The Dancing Chain| author = Frank J. Berto| year = 2009| publisher = Van der Plas Publications| page = 163}} 14. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.classiclightweights.co.uk/components/oscaregg.html| title = Oscar Egg Lugs| publisher = Classic Lightweights UK| accessdate = 2017-10-13}} 15. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.speedbicycles.ch/velo/209/oscar_egg_professional_1932.html| title = Oscar Egg Professional - France 1932 - road bike| publisher = Speedbicycles GmbH| accessdate = 2017-10-13}} External links{{Commons category|Oscar Egg}}
6 : 1890 births|1961 deaths|Swiss Tour de France stage winners|Swiss male cyclists|People from Winterthur District|Tour de France cyclists |
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