“Oscar Ferris Watkins”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Lt Col Oscar Ferris Watkins CMG CBE DSO (1877–1943) was a British colonial administrator, Commandant of the East African Carrier Corps ^[1] in the First World War. After the war he was acting Kenya Chief Native Commissioner and a Provincial Commissioner, and first editor of a Swahili newspaper Baraza ^[2].

He was the son of Rev Oscar Dan Watkins (1848–1926) - Archdeacon of Lucknow ^[3] , and Elizabeth Martha née Ferris (1846–1928) and was born in Allahabad^[4].

Educated at Marlborough {{sfn|Watkins|1995|page=16}} and a 'bible clerk', that is undergraduate scholar at All Souls College, Oxford, by virtue of being a founder's kin {{sfn|Watkins|1995|pp=17}}, in 1899 Watkins cut short his study to enlist in the ranks of the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry in the Second Boer War; after the war subsequently joining the South African Police. In 1907 he moved to Kenya and as a junior District Commissioner in Kenya he was a magistrate in the Kenya Slave courts, freeing slaves from Arab slavers on the East African coast {{sfn|Watkins|1995|page=50}} and developing a lasting interest in Swahili culture.

During the First World War Watkins set up the Carrier Corps ^[5] {{Sfn|Hodges1986}},and strove to organise an effective force while at the same time protecting the hundreds of thousands of African porters conscripted into the force from the excessive demands of the British Military. After the first war, as acting Kenya Chief Native Commissioner his active stance in protecting the land rights of the native Kenya tribes against the encroachments of white Kenya Settler interests earned him the enmity of the governor Sir Edward Denham. At the outbreak of the second world war, he used his knowledge of Swahili to broadcast and edit Baraza, a sister paper to the East African Standard, started with a subsidy from the Colonial Government to bolster the British war effort in East Africa.

In 1917 he married Olga Florence née Baillie Grohman, widow of Thomas Acland Douglas Thompson (1881-1915); and daughter of William Adolf Baillie Grohman (1851–1921) and Florence née Nickalls (1861–1945). ^[6]They had three daughters:

See also

Bibliography

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Hodges|first1=Geoffrey|title=The Carrier Corps - Military Labour in the East African Campaign 1914-18|date=1986|publisher=Greenwood Pres|location=New York, USA }}
2. ^{{cite book|last1=Durrani|first1=Shiraz|title=Never be Silent Publishing & Imperialism in Kenya 1884-1963|date=1995|publisher=Vita books|location=London, England| page=253 }}Note that Durrani's list of Kenyan Newspapers confuses the details on the Baraza & Habari newspapers.
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Chatterton|first1=Eyre|title=A History of the Church of England in India Since the Early Days of the East India Company By Eyre Chatterton, Bishop of Nagpur|date=1924|publisher=SPCK|location=London| chapter=Chapter XXII. The Diocese of Lucknow. The Land of Historic Cities. |url=http://anglicanhistory.org/india/chatterton1924/22.html}}
4. ^{{cite book|last1=Watkins|first1=Elizabeth|title=Oscar from Africa - The Biography of Oscar Ferris Watkins 1877-1943|date=1995|publisher=Radcliffe Press|location=London, England| page=13 |isbn=9781850439486|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=vwB7xfNQVSoC|accessdate=17 January 2016}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=War Office| title=Unpublished Draft of History Of East Africa Campaign|date=1939|publisher=War Office|location=London }}Copy in Rhodes house papers, Oxford
6. ^{{cite web| title=Watkins Pedigree on My Heritage |url=https://www.myheritage.com/site-family-tree-403818101/watkins-knowles-family}}
7. ^{{cite book|last1=Watkins|first1=Elizabeth|title=Olga in Kenya: Repressing the Irrepressible|date=2005|publisher=Pen Press Publishers Ltd|location=Brighton, Sussex, England|isbn=978-1905203741|page=9|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=KYGyWqNSCh8C}}