| 词条 | Oscar Griswold | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|name=Oscar W. Griswold |birth_date= {{birth date|1886|10|22}} |death_date= {{death date and age|1959|09|28|1886|10|22}} |birth_place=Ruby Valley, Nevada |death_place= |placeofburial= |placeofburial_label= Place of burial |image=Oscar Griswold.jpg |caption=Lieutenant General Oscar Griswold |nickname= |allegiance=United States of America |branch={{army|United States}} |serviceyears=1910–1947 |rank= Lieutenant General |commands=Third United States Army Seventh United States Army II Corps XIV Corps IV Corps 4th Infantry Division |unit= |battles=World War I
|awards=Army Distinguished Service Medal (2) Navy Distinguished Service Medal Legion of Merit Silver Star (2) Bronze Star Air Medal Purple Heart |signature= }} Oscar Woolverton Griswold (22 October 1886 – 28 September 1959) was an American soldier and general in the first half of the 20th century. He is best known for his command of the XIV Corps in the South Pacific Area and South West Pacific Area during World War II. Early lifeOscar Woolverton Griswold was born on 22 October 1886 in Ruby Valley Nevada. He attended the University of Nevada, Reno from 1905 to 1906, when he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy. On graduation with the West Point Class of 1910, he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Infantry.[1] World War IHis early company grade assignments included three years service in China from 1914 to 1917. During World War I he served as a major and Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. 84th Infantry Division, American Expeditionary Force from 1918 to 1919, and participated in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.[1] Interwar yearsHe was assigned to the United States Military Academy from 1921 to 1924. He graduated from the Command and General Staff College in 1925, graduating 189th in the class of 258,[2] and the U.S. Army War College in 1929.[1] From 1929 to 1931 he served with the War Department General Staff. This duty was followed by service with the United States Army Air Corps. He served as a member of the Infantry Board from 1932 to 1936, and from 1936 to 1939 was assigned to the Office, Chief of Infantry.[1] World War IIGriswold commanded the 29th Infantry Regiment from September 1939 to October 1940. He was promoted to Brigadier General in October 1940 and became Commanding General of the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Camp Croft. Promoted to Major General in August 1941, he commanded 4th Infantry Division (United States).[1] From April 1943, he was Commanding General of the XIV Corps, which fought in New Georgia, Bougainville and in the Philippines. He was promoted to Lieutenant General in early 1945 [1] and continued to serve in the Pacific theater under Douglas MacArthur, during the battle of Manila in February 1945. In June 1945, General of the Army MacArthur nominated Griswold to command the Tenth United States Army following the death of Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. in the Battle of Okinawa. However, he was passed over in favor of General Joseph Stilwell.[3] Later lifeAfter World War II Griswold served as Commanding General of the Seventh United States Army from 11 June 1946 to 15 March 1947,[4] and then the Third United States Army from 15 March 1947 to 14 April 1947.[5] In October 1947, he retired to The Broadmoor resort in Colorado Springs, Colorado and resided in the Broadmoor Stadium Apartments. In 1948 he was employed by The Broadmoor Hotel Corporation as the Director of Athletic Events. These included ice hockey and figure skating in the Broadmoor Ice Palace (no longer extant). He also appeared in a television segment of This Is Your Life in December 1956 where he lauded the exploits of an Army Captain who refused to surrender in the Philippines and successfully led a guerilla campaign against the Japanese until he turned himself in to General Griswold during US Army combat operations. He remained employed by the Broadmoor until health problems caused him to retire. He died on 28 September 1959.[1][6] AwardsAmong General Griswold's many awards and decorations include the following:
In 1946 he received a Doctor of Laws from the University of Nevada, Reno.[1] Dates of rank
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Citation |last = Ancell |first = R. Manning |last2 = Miller |first2 = Christine |title = The Biographical Dictionary of World War II Generals and Flag Officers: The US Armed Forces |place= Westport, Connecticut |publisher = Greenwood Press |year = 1996 |pages = 123–124 |isbn = 0-313-29546-8}} {{Portal|United States Army|World War I|World War II}}{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box|2. ^Dr. Robert H. Berlin, U.S. Army World War II Corps Commanders: A Composite Biography {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060611212036/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/Berlin2/BERLIN2.asp |date=2006-06-11 }} 3. ^{{Citation |last = James |first = D. Clayton |title = The Years of MacArthur |place= Boston |publisher = Houghton Mifflin |year = 1975 |volume = II: 1941–1945 |pages = 735–736 |isbn = 0-395-20446-1}} 4. ^Seventh Army / USAEUR commander bios 5. ^1 Third Army / ARCENT commander bios 6. ^Robert "Rusty" Lomax, subordinate to General Griswold from 1948 to 1956. 7. ^Official Register of Commissioned Officers of the United States Army, 1948. pg. 2219. title=Commanding General of the 4th Infantry Division (Mechanised)| before= Major General Lloyd R. Fredendall | years= 18 August 1941 to 7 October 1941 | after= Major General Fred C. Wallace }}{{succession box| title=Commanding General of the XIV Corps| before= Lieutenant General (then Major General) Alexander M. Patch | years= 26 April 1943 to 31 December 1945?| after= Disbanded }}{{succession box| title=Commanding General of the Seventh United States Army| before= Geoffrey Keyes | years= 11 June 1946 to 15 March 1947 | after= Manton S. Eddy }}{{succession box| title=Commanding General of the Third United States Army| before= Ernest N. Harmon | years= 15 March 1947 to 14 April 1947 | after= Edward H. Brooks }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Griswold, Oscar}} 11 : United States Army generals|American military personnel of World War I|American army personnel of World War II|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)|Recipients of the Legion of Merit|Recipients of the Silver Star|1886 births|1959 deaths|United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni|Recipients of the Air Medal|Burials at West Point Cemetery |
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