| 词条 | Outer Circle (London) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Outer Circle was a London & North Western Railway service in London that operated from 1872 to 1908. The route was from the District Railway station at Mansion House to Earl's Court, then via the West London Railway to Willesden Junction and then via the North London Railway to {{rws|Broad Street|England}}. Although not a complete circuit, it was one of several 'circle' routes around London that opened at the same time, such as the 'inner circle' that is today's Circle line.{{sfn|Peacock|1970|p=48}} Trains would run once every 30 minutes. In 1908 the service was cut back to run from Earl's Court to Broad Street. The Midland Railway operated a kind of Super Outer Circle from {{rws|St Pancras}} to Earl's Court for two years from 1878-1880, via the Dudding Hill freight line. Outer CircleHistoryOn 1 February 1872 the London & North Western Railway (L&NWR) began a railway service between {{rws|Broad Street|England}} and the District Railway station at Mansion House via the North London Railway, {{rws|Willesden Junction}}, the West London Railway and Earl's Court,{{sfn|Horne|2006|p=15}} replacing a service that had run along much of the same route to London Victoria.{{sfn|Bruce|1983|p=11}} This service became known as the 'outer circle' and was worked with L&NWR locomotives and carriages and there was a train every thirty minutes.{{sfn|Horne|2006|p=15}} When the District electrified in 1905, it built electric locomotives to haul the carriages between Earl's Court and Mansion House.{{sfn|Lee|1956|p=29}} The service appears on the 1908 'London Underground' map between Earl's Court and Uxbridge Road as a District Railway service.[1] The service ceased to run east of Earl's Court from 1 January 1909.{{sfn|Lee|1956|p=29}} The L&NWR electrified the West London Railway and an electric service between Willesden Junction and Earl's Court on started 1 May 1914.{{sfn|Lee|1956|p=29}} This was initially with electric multiple units provided by the District Railway until 24 November 1914 when LNWR electric units took over.{{sfn|Marsden|2009|p=84}} Passenger services on the West London Railway ended on 19 October 1940 following bomb damage to the line{{sfn|Horne|2006|p=73}} Uxbridge Road station closed with the line in 1940{{sfn|Horne|2006|p=73}} and {{rws|Shepherd's Bush}} opened on the same site in 2008.[2] The line is currently served by the District line between Mansion House and Kensington (Olympia) and then the London Overground to Haggerston. List of stations{{unreferenced|section|date=February 2013}}The following stations were served by the Outer Circle:
Super Outer CircleThe Midland Railway operated a kind of Super Outer Circle from 1878 to 1880. In 1876 the Midland had negotiated running rights over the District Railway from the London & South Western Railway at Hammersmith to South Kensington. The Midland's main interest was supplying coal to Kensington, and in 1878 it opened coal depots at Kensington High Street and West Kensington.{{sfn|Horne|2006|p=18}} From 1 May 1878 it also ran a passenger service from Earl's Court to St Pancras via Hammersmith, {{rws|South Acton|England}} and the Dudding Hill freight line to {{rws|Cricklewood}}. Two trains an hour ran until 30 September 1880.{{sfn|Horne|2006|p=18}}{{sfn|Bruce|1983|p=11}} The coal depots closed in the 1960s.{{sfn|Horne|2006|p=18}} ReferencesNotes1. ^For the 1908 London Underground Map see File:Tube map 1908-2.jpg. 2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/media/newscentre/archive/9469.aspx | title=Shepherd's Bush Overground station welcomes passengers | work=Transport for London | date=29 September 2008 | accessdate=21 February 2013}} Sources
External links
9 : Transport in the London Borough of Brent|Transport in the London Borough of Camden|Transport in the City of London|Transport in the London Borough of Hackney|Transport in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Transport in the London Borough of Islington|Transport in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Transport in the City of Westminster|London and North Western Railway |
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