| 释义 |
- In general
- Components of self Personal identity Personality Personality traits Big Five personality traits Virtues Vices Harmful traits and practices
- Personal experience Personal life Stages of life Major life events Self-actualization Maturity Self-preservation and self-maintenance
- Individual rights
- Other personal concepts
- See also
- External links
{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to self}}The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the self: Self – an individual person, from his or her own perspective. To you, self is you. To a different person, self is that person. One's self is a subject of philosophy; psychology and developmental psychology; religion and spirituality; social science and neuroscience. In general - Human
- Human condition
- Individuality (selfhood) – state or quality of being an individual; particularly of being a person separate from other persons and possessing his or her own needs or goals, rights and responsibilities. The exact definition of an individual is important in the fields of biology, law, and philosophy.
- Person – being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility.
- Personhood – status of being a person. Defining personhood is a controversial topic in philosophy and law and is closely tied with legal and political concepts of citizenship, equality, and liberty. According to law, only a natural person or legal personality has rights, protections, privileges, responsibilities, and legal liability.
- Philosophy of self –
- Psychology of self –
- Religious views on the self –
Components of self - Body
- Brain / Mind / Intelligence
- Character
- Experience
- Sentience
- Gender
- Personal identity (see below)
- Personality (see below)
- Self-awareness
- Self-consciousness
- Self-control
- Self-esteem
- Self-guilt
- Self-knowledge
- Self-perception
- Self-realization
- Self-worth
- Skill
- Wisdom
Personal identity Personal identity- Identity (philosophy)
- Identity (social science)
- Identity formation
- Cultural identity
- Social identity
- Personally identifiable information
- Self-identity
- Self-image
- Self-schema
Personality {{Further|Personality psychology}}Personality Personality traits Personality trait Big Five personality traits Big Five personality traits- Extraversion and introversion
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Neuroticism / Emotional stability
- Openness to experience
Virtues Virtue – characteristic of a person which supports individual moral excellence and collective well being. Such characteristics are valued as a principle and recognized as a good way to be. This list is necessarily incomplete. - Virtues of self-control
- Temperance - self-control regarding pleasure
- Good temper - self-control regarding anger
- Ambition - self-control regarding one's goals
- Curiosity - self-control regarding knowledge
- Frugality (also Thrift) - self-control regarding the material lifestyle
- Industry - self-control regarding play, recreation and entertainment
- Contentment - self-control regarding one's possessions and the possessions of others; acknowledgement and satisfaction of maintaining one's current capacity
- Continence - self-control regarding bodily functions
- Chastity - self-control regarding sexual activities
- Virtues of self-efficacy
- Courage - willingness to do the right thing in the face of danger, pain, significant harm or risk
- Patience - ability to delay or wait for what is desired
- Perseverance - ability to work steadily despite setbacks or difficulties
- Persistence - ability to continue or repeat a task in order to achieve a goal
- Virtues of regard
- Fair-mindedness - concern that all get their due (including oneself) in cooperative arrangements of mutual benefit
- Tolerance - willingness to allow others to lead a life based on a certain set of beliefs differing from one's own
- Truthfulness/Honesty - telling someone what you know to be true in the context of a direct inquiry
- Virtues of respect
- Respect - regard for the worth of others
- Self respect - regard for the worth of oneself
- Humility - respect for one's limitations
- Social virtues
- Politeness
- Charisma
- Leadership
- Unpretentiousness
- Friendliness
- Sportsmanship
- Cleanliness
- Virtues of kindness
- Kindness - regard for those who are within an individual's ability to help
- Generosity - giving to those in need
- Forgiveness - willingness to overlook transgressions made against you
- Compassion - empathy and understanding for the suffering of others
- Other
- List of emotions
- Acceptance
- Accountability
- Altruism
- Aptitude
- Assertiveness
- Attention
- Attractiveness
- Autonomy
- Awareness
- Balance
- Benevolence
- Calmness
- Candor
- Cautiousness
- Charity
- Chivalry
- Citizenship
- Commitment
- Confidence
- Conscientiousness
- Consideration
- Cooperativeness
- Courteousness
- Creativity
- Dependability
- Detachment
- Determination
- Diligence
- Discernment
- Empathy
- Endurance
- Equanimity
- Fairness
- Faithfulness, Fidelity
- Freedom
- Flexibility
- Flourishing
- Foresight
- Gentleness
- Goodness
- Gratitude
- Helpfulness
- Honor
- Happiness
- Hope
- Hospitality
- Humor
- Impartiality
- Independence
- Individualism
- Integrity
- Interest
- Intuition
- Inventiveness
- Justice
- Knowledge
- Liberty
- Logic
- Loyalty
- Meekness
- Mercy
- Mindfulness
- Moderation
- Modesty
- Morality
- Nonviolence
- Obedience
- Openness
- Optimism
- Order
- Orderliness
- Originality
- Peacefulness
- Perseverance
- Philomathy
- Piety
- Potential
- Prosperity
- Prudence
- Purity
- Reason
- Readiness
- Remembrance
- Resilience
- Respectfulness
- Responsibility
- Restraint
- Self-reliance
- Sensitivity
- Service
- Sharing
- Sincerity
- Silence
- Social skills
- Solidarity
- Spirituality
- Stability
- Subsidiarity
- Tactfulness
- Tenacity
- Thoughtfulness
- Tranquility
- Trustworthiness
- Understanding
- Uniqueness
- Unity
- Vigilance
- Wealth
- Wisdom
Vices{{Main|Vice|Sufism}}- Anger – emotional response related to one's psychological interpretation of having been threatened. Often it indicates when one's basic boundaries are violated. Some have a learned tendency to react to anger through retaliation. Anger may be utilized effectively when utilized to set boundaries or escape from dangerous situations.
- Jealousy – emotion, and the word typically refers to the negative thoughts and feelings of insecurity, fear, and anxiety over an anticipated loss of something of great personal value, particularly in reference to a human connection. Jealousy often consists of a combination of emotions such as anger, resentment, inadequacy, helplessness and disgust.
- Laziness – disinclination to activity or exertion despite having the ability to do so. It is often used as a pejorative; related terms for a person seen to be lazy include couch potato, slacker, and bludger.
- Selfishness –
- Seven Deadly Sins
- # Lust – emotion or feeling of intense desire in the body. The lust can take any form such as the lust for knowledge, the lust for sex or the lust for power. It can take such mundane forms as the lust for food as distinct from the need for food.
- # Gluttony – over-indulgence and over-consumption of food, drink, or wealth items to the point of extravagance or waste. In some Christian denominations, it is considered one of the seven deadly sins—a misplaced desire of food or its withholding from the needy.
- # Greed – also known as avarice, cupidity, or covetousness, is the inordinate desire to possess wealth, goods, or objects of abstract value with the intent to keep it for one's self, far beyond the dictates of basic survival and comfort. It is applied to a markedly high desire for and pursuit of wealth, status, and power. See also, Greed (deadly sin).
- # Sloth – spiritual or emotional apathy, neglecting what God has spoken, and being physically and emotionally inactive. It can also be either an outright refusal or merely a carelessness in the performance of one's obligations, especially spiritual, moral or legal obligations. Sloth can also indicate a wasting due to lack of use, concerning a person, place, thing, skill, or intangible ideal that would require maintenance, refinement, or support to continue to exist.
- # Wrath – also known as "rage", may be described as inordinate and uncontrolled feelings of hatred and anger. Wrath, in its purest form, presents with self-destructiveness, violence, and hate that may provoke feuds that can go on for centuries. Wrath may persist long after the person who did another a grievous wrong is dead. Feelings of anger can manifest in different ways, including impatience, revenge, and self-destructive behavior, such as drug abuse or suicide.
- # Envy – emotion which "occurs when a person lacks another's superior quality, achievement, or possession and either desires it or wishes that the other lacked it"
- # Pride – inflated sense of one's personal status or accomplishments, often used synonymously with hubris.
- Vanity – excessive belief in one's own abilities or attractiveness to others.
Harmful traits and practices- Abjection
- Abnormal psychology
- Bias
- Crime
- Deception
- Dysfunctional family
- Existential crisis
- Failure
- Grandiosity
- Hypocrisy
- Identity crisis
- Ignorance
- Impostor syndrome
- Narcissism
- Pessimism
- Risk
- Self-abasement
- Self-absorbed
- Self-abuse
- Self-blame
- Self-criticism
- Self-deception
- Self-deprecation
- Self-envy
- Self-estrangement
- Self-handicapping
- Self-harm
- Self-hatred
- Self-immolation
- Self-loathing
- Self-pity
- Self-propaganda
- Self-punishment
- Self-righteousness
- Self-sacrifice
- Self-serving
- Self-victimization
- Selfism
- Sexual self-objectification
- Stress
- Suicide
Personal experience Personal experience Personal life Personal life Stages of life 1. Infancy 2. Childhood 3. Adolescence 4. Adulthood 5. Middle age 6. Old age Major life events 1. Birth 2. Education 3. Graduation 4. Coming of age 5. Employment 6. Marriage 7. Parenthood 8. Retirement 9. Death Self-actualization Self-actualization – - Action
- Competence
- Effectiveness
- Efficacy
- Success
Maturity Self-management – - Autodidacticism (self-education)
- Goal
- Goal setting
- Intention
- Motivation
- Personal budget
- Personal development
- Personal finance
- Problem solving
- Self-actualization
- Self-assessment
- Self-awareness
- Self-compassion
- Self-concealment
- Self-consciousness
- Self-control
- Self-defense
- Self-development
- Self-discipline
- Self-disclosure
- Self-discovery
- Self-efficacy
- Self-enhancement
- Self-estimated
- Self-gratification
- Self-help
- Self-interest
- Self-justification
- Self-knowledge
- Self-love
- Self-monitoring
- Self-reflection
- Self-regulated learning
- Self-respect
- Self-sufficiency
- Self-verification
- Stress management
- Time management
Self-preservation and self-maintenance - Enlightened self-interest
- Health
- Housekeeping
- Life extension
- Personal hygiene
- Personal safety
- Physical fitness
- Self-care
- Self-preservation
- Well-being
Individual rights {{see also|Outline of rights|Human rights}}Individual rights – much of the western world values the concept of individual rights. These rights vary from culture to culture, and by very definition, from person to person, and appear mainly in individualist societies. In considering the self, the most intimate legal relation would be what is codified as 'sui juris', or what laws have a purposed place so far as they are derived of the self. In such cultures, it is generally considered that each and every individual has the following rights: - Security rights – protect people against crimes such as abuse, murder, massacre, and torture
- Security of person – liberty, including the right, if one is imprisoned unlawfully, to the remedy of habeas corpus. Security of person can also be seen as an expansion of rights based on prohibitions of torture and cruel and unusual punishment. Rights to security of person can guard against less lethal conduct, and can be used in regard to prisoners' rights.
- Bodily and property rights – encompass "ownership" of your own body and choosing what to do with it, as well as the fruits of the labour that spring forth from using your own body. ("Every man has a property in his own person. This nobody has a right to, but himself," per John Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government)
- Self-ownership – moral or natural right of a person to have bodily integrity, and be the exclusive controller of his own body and life. Also known as "sovereignty of the individual", "individual sovereignty", and "individual autonomy".
- Liberty rights of the Classical era – protect freedoms in areas such as belief and religion, association, assembling, movement, and other self-determination (as an individual person), privacy from government and others, and freedoms from other paternalist meddling generally, whether by governments or others; also encompasses security, bodily and property, political, and due process rights, many group rights, some welfare rights, and (especially outside of the US in the Classical era) equality rights, as all of those categories appear in this list
- Political rights – protect the liberty to participate in politics by expressing themselves, protesting, voting and serving in public office
- Due process rights – protect against abuses of the legal system such as imprisonment without trial, secret trials and excessive punishments; often overlaps with the bodily rights, listed above
- Equality rights – guarantee equal citizenship, equality before the law and nondiscrimination in regards to one's eligibility for all of the other rights in this list
- Welfare rights (also known as economic or social rights) – require the provision of education and protections against severe poverty and starvation; generally an expansion of positive liberties
- Group rights – provide protection for groups against ethnic genocide, and self-determination (as a group) and the ownership by countries of their national territories and resources; may overlap with the bodily and property rights, and Social equality rights, listed above
Other personal concepts - Ability
- Aptitude
- Attitude
- Behavior
- Competence
- Character traits
- Chronotype
- Common sense
- Communication skills
- Duty
- Egocentrism
- Egoism
- Emotional intelligence
- Ethics
- Good and evil
- Freedom (philosophy)
- Freedom (political)
- Free will
- Harm principle
- Human sexual behavior
- Human sexuality
- Humanism
- Improvement
- Individualism
- Individuality
- Individuation
- Interest (disambiguation)
- Intrapersonal communication
- Justice
- Liberty
- Lifestyle (List Lifestyle disease)
- Luck
- Meaning of life
- Morality
- Parenting
- People skills
- Personal boundaries
- Personal income
- Personal life
- Note-taking
- Personal property
- Personal space
- Personal time
- Philosophy
- Proxemics
- Psychological stress
- Occupational disease
- Ownership
- Privacy
- Property
- Public
- Reputation
- Social influence
- Social intelligence
- Soft skills
- Self-talk
- Self-schema
- Self-worth
- Study skills
- Subjectivity#Self
- Success
- Taste (aesthetics)
- Taste (sociology)
- Temperament
- Thought
- Transhumanism
See also- Collaboration
- Externality
- List of cognitive biases
- Outline of social science
- Rite of passage
- Social behavior
- Trade-off
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