| 词条 | Oxera |
| 释义 |
| name = Oxera | image = Oxera puchella.jpg | image_caption = Oxera pulchella | regnum = Plantae | unranked_divisio = Angiosperms | unranked_classis = Eudicots | unranked_ordo = Asterids | ordo = Lamiales | familia = Lamiaceae | subfamilia = Teucrioideae | genus = Oxera | genus_authority = Labill. | type_species = Oxera pulchella | type_species_authority = Labill. | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms =
}}Oxera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Labiatae / Lamiaceae native to Vanuatu and New Caledonia in the western Pacific.[1] DescriptionSpecies of Oxera show a variety of growth forms, including lianas, shrubs and trees.[3][2] The leaves are simple, and are petiolate (on short stalks), except in O. sessilifolia,[3][2] with entire or occasionally sinuate (wavy) edges.[2] The inflorescences are loose thyrses of flowers, growing from leaf axils (axillary) or directly from the stem (cauliflory).[3][2] The flowers are large, conspicuous and bisexual; the calyx is actinomorphic (rotationally symmetrical), but the corolla is zygomorphic, sometimes strongly so.[3][2] Although some species have four stamens in each flower, they are usually reduced in number with two stamens, usually the posterior pair, forming staminodes instead.[3][2] DistributionTwenty of the twenty-one species are found on the island of Grande Terre (the main island of New Caledonia). Three species occur on the adjacent island of Île des Pins, two on Lifou and one on Maré in the Loyalty Islands, and two on Vanuatu (including one introduced species).[3] Oxera vanuatuensis is only known from Vanuatu, where it is only known from cultivated specimens.[3] Villagers on Pentecost Island (and their descendants on Maewo call the tree harongmau, and propagate the species by planting seeds, transplanting seedlings or taking cuttings.[3] The plant is thought to treat illnesses caused by black magic, and profuse flowering from the trunk is thought to foretell a good harvest of yams.[3]SpeciesTwenty-one species are recognised in the genus Oxera, in five informal species groups:[3]{{#tag:ref|All species are endemic to Grande Terre unless otherwise noted. Conservation statuses follow the IUCN Red List: EN = endangered species; VU = vulnerable species; LC = Least Concern.|group=Note}} {{div col|colwidth=24em}}
Taxonomic historyThe genus Oxera was erected by Jacques Labillardière in 1824, based on a single specimen that he had collected in New Caledonia.[8] The closest relative of Oxera is the genus Faradaya, and the two genera were once united as the tribe Oxereae.[8] Collectively, they are the sister group to a clade containing Clerodendrum and a number of segregate genera such as Kalaharia, Huxleya, Amasonia and Tetraclea.[9][10] Both genera are now treated as members of the tribe Teucrioideae, following work published by Philip D. Cantino in 1992.[8] Notes1. ^1 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |volume=7 |title=Flowering plants, Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae) |editor=J. W. Kadereit |publisher=Springer |year=2004 |isbn=978-3-540-40593-1 |author1=R. M. Harley |author2=S. Atkins |author3=A. L. Budantsev |author4=P. D. Cantino |author5=B. J. Conn |author6=R. Grayer |author7=M. M. Harley |author8=R. de Kok |author9=T. Krestovskaja |author10=R. Morales |author11=A. J. Paton |author12=O. Ryding |author13=T. Upson |chapter=Labiatae |pages=167–275 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kcSZriBQGp4C&pg=PA196}} 3. ^{{Cite journal | author = V. Hecquet | title = Oxera balansae | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2010 | page = e.T177880A7475060 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2010 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/177880/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T177880A7475060.en | access-date = 9 January 2018}} 4. ^{{Cite journal | author = T. Jaffré|display-authors=etal| title = Oxera crassifolia | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 1998 | page = e.T31149A9609607 | publisher = IUCN | date = 1998 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/31149/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T31149A9609607.en | access-date = 9 January 2018}} 5. ^{{Cite journal | author = V. Hecquet | title = Oxera pulchella | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2010 | page = e.T177875A7474332 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2010 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/177875/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T177875A7474332.en | access-date = 9 January 2018}} 6. ^{{cite book |author=D. J. Mabberley & R. P. J. de Kok |chapter=Labiatae |year=2004 |series=Flore de la Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances |volume=25 |title=Hippocrateaceae, Labiatae, Vitaceae |pages=20–141 |publisher=Association de Botanique Tropicale |isbn=978-2-85654-219-4}} 7. ^{{Cite journal | author = T. Jaffré|display-authors=etal| title = Oxera macrocalyx | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 1998 | page = e.T37427A10053658 | publisher = IUCN | date = 1998 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/37427/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T37427A10053658.en | access-date = 9 January 2018}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite journal |author=R. P. J. de Kok & D. J. Mabberley |year=1999 |title=A synopsis of Oxera Labill. (Labiatae) |journal=Kew Bulletin |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=265–300 |jstor=4115808}} 9. ^{{cite journal |author=Dorothy A. Steane, Rogier P. J. de Kok & Richard G. Olmstead |year=2010 |title=Phylogenetic relationships between Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) and other Ajugoid genera inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=39–45 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.011 |pmid=15186795 |url=http://depts.washington.edu/phylo/OlmsteadPubs/Steane.2004.MPE.pdf |format=PDF}} 10. ^{{cite journal |author=Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane & Richard G. Olmstead |year=2010 |title=Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy |journal=Taxon |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=125–133 |url=http://depts.washington.edu/phylo/OlmsteadPubs/Yuan_et_al_2010.pdf |format=PDF}} References{{Reflist|32em}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2705492}} 5 : Lamiaceae|Lamiaceae genera|Flora of New Caledonia|Flora of Vanuatu|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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