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词条 Ozero
释义

  1. History

  2. Ozero members

  3. Security

  4. Political effect

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

{{Coord|60|45|26|N|30|5|48|E|display=title}}{{redirects| О́зеро|Lakes in Russia|List of lakes of Russia}}Ozero ({{lang-ru|О́зеро}}, lit. lake) (full name: дачный потребительский кооператив «Озеро», Dacha consumer cooperative "Ozero"[1]) is a dacha housing cooperative associated with Vladimir Putin's inner circle.[2]

History

The dacha cooperative Ozero was founded on November 10, 1996[1] by Vladimir Smirnov (head), Vladimir Putin,[3] Vladimir Yakunin, Andrei Fursenko, Sergey Fursenko, Yury Kovalchuk, Viktor Myachin, and {{ill|Nikolay Shamalov|ru|Шамалов, Николай Терентьевич}}.[4] The society united their dachas in Solovyovka, Priozersky District of Leningrad Oblast, on the eastern shore{{efn|The fenced community is between the villages of Turfyanoye ({{lang-ru|Торфяное}}) in the Melnikovskoe rural settlement on the north of the lake and Solovyovka ({{lang-ru|Соловьёвка}}) in the Plodovskoe rural settlement on the southeast of the lake.}} of Lake Komsomolskoye{{efn|Prior to 1948 the lake was not Russian but {{lang-fi|Kiimajärvi}}.}} on the Karelian Isthmus, near Saint Petersburg, Russia.[5][6]

Vladimir Putin returned from his KGB posting in Dresden in early 1990, prior to the formal establishment of the Ozero cooperative, and acquired property on the banks of Lake Komsomolskoye. His dacha burned down in 1996 but was rebuilt later that year.[3] Others bought more land around this area and built a number of villas close to each other to form a gated community.[7] A bank account linked to this cooperative association was opened, allowing money to be deposited and used by all account holders in accordance with the Russian law on cooperatives.[8]

By 2012 members of the Ozero cooperative had assumed top positions in Russian government and business and became very successful financially.[5][9][10]

Ozero members

The table includes alleged net worth or annual compensation[7][8][11]

Ozero memberFull or Partial Ownership, Board Memberships, Directorships as of 20142013 Alleged Net Worth or annual compensation
Andrei FursenkoCenter for Strategic Research Northwest, Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (2004-2012), Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation (2012-present), Honorary Consul to Bangladesh in St PetersburgUnknown
Sergey FursenkoLentransgaz subsidiary of Gazprom, Gasprom Gas-Motor Fuel, president of National Media Group, president of the Russian Football Union (2010-2012)Unknown
Yury KovalchukBank Rossiya and its subsidiaries (e.g. co-owner of National Media Group), Center for Strategic Research Northwest, Honorary Consul to Thailand in St Petersburg$1.4b net worth
Viktor Myachinformer Director-General of Bank Rossiya (1995-1998, 1999-2004), CEO of the investment company "Abros", a subsidiary of Rossiya Bank (2004-present): This investment company owns 51% of the Согаз, a big insurance company in RussiaUnknown
Vladimir PutinPresident of Russiasee Personal wealth
Nikolay ShamalovVyborg Shipyards, Bank Rossiya, Gazprombank$500m net worth
Vladimir SmirnovTechsnabexport (2002-present)Unknown
Vladimir Yakunindeputy minister of transport (2000-present), president of Russian Railways (June 14, 2005—20 August 2015)$15m annual salary

Security

Purportedly the firm Rif-Security{{efn|The offices of Rif-Security ({{lang-ru|Риф-Секьюрити}}) (telephone 8 (812) 712-92-63) are located at Ulitsa Tambovskaya ({{lang-ru|улица Тамбовская}}) 12 in St Petersburg (192007).}} provides security for the Ozero Dacha Community. Rif-Security is controlled by the alleged boss of the Tambov Gang Vladimir Barsukov (Kumarin) and Vladimir Smirnov.[8][9]

Political effect

Some observers hint that the roots of Putin's power may lie in Ozero camaraderie.[3]{{efn|After glubinka Anatoly Sobchak's 1996 electoral loss to glubinka Vladimir Yakovlev, a rival of Putin's in the St Petersburg mayor's office, Putin found work in Moscow and, in 1998, became the head of the Federal Security Service. Ozero gained tremendously, restoring St Petersburgers above Moscovites in Russian society.}}

The Ozero cooperative society holds a bank account at the Leningrad Oblast Bank. The financial transactions of the Ozero cooperative are unknown. By law any of the members would be able to deposit and withdraw funds for his own use. Karen Dawisha, director of the Havighurst Center for Russian and Post-Soviet Studies at Miami University, concluded that "in Russia a cooperative arrangement is another way for Putin to avoid being given money directly, while enjoying the wealth shared among co-owners".[8]

Putin. Corruption, an independent report published by the opposition People's Freedom Party, is about the alleged corruption in Vladimir Putin's inner circle and has a chapter about Ozero.[9]

See also

  • Corruption in Russia
  • Russia under Vladimir Putin

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite web | title = 15 лет самому мутному «Озеру» в мире! | url = https://www.novayagazeta.ru/politics/49409.html | publisher = Novaya Gazeta | language = Russian | trans-title = 15 years of the most turbid "lake" in the world! | date = November 11, 2011 | accessdate = February 19, 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web | title = Кооператив "Озеро" | url = http://www.compromat.ru/page_9539.htm | publisher = kompromat.ru | language = Russian | trans-title = The "Lake" Cooperative | date = March 6, 2000 | accessdate = February 20, 2016}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite news | last1 = Hill | first1 = Fiona | last2 = Gaddy | first2 = Clifford G. | title = How the 1980s Explains Vladimir Putin. The Ozero group. | url = https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/02/how-the-1980s-explains-vladimir-putin/273135/# | publisher = The Atlantic | date = February 14, 2013 | accessdate = February 19, 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web | last = Shakirov | first = Mumin | title = Who was Mister Putin? An Interview with Boris Nemtsov | url = https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/mumin-shakirov/who-was-mister-putin-interview-with-boris-nemtsov | publisher = Open Democracy | date = February 2, 2011 | accessdate = February 19, 2016}}
5. ^1 {{cite web | last = Pribilovsky | first = Vladimir | author-link = Vladimir Pribylovsky | title = Origin of Putin's oligarchy | url = https://www.anticompromat.org/oligarhi/ppo.html | language = Russian | publisher = | date = | accessdate = February 19, 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web | last1 = Felshtinsky | first1 = Yuri | last2 = Pribilovsky | first2 = Vladimir | author-link1 = Yuri Felshtinsky | author-link2 = Vladimir Pribylovsky | title = Who is Mr. Putin? Operation "Naslednik" | url = http://www.lib.ru/HISTORY/FELSHTINSKY/naslednik.txt | language = Russian | publisher = | date = June 27, 2004 | accessdate = February 19, 2016}}
7. ^1 {{cite news | last = Akhmirova | first = Rimma | title = Zabor Putina | trans-title = Putin's Fence | url = http://sobesednik.ru/incident/sobes_35_10_dacha | newspaper = Sobesednik | location = Moscow | language = Russian | date = September 14, 2010 | accessdate = February 19, 2016}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | last = Dawisha | first = Karen | author-link = Karen Dawisha | title = Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia? | url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1476795207 | year = 2014 | publisher = Simon & Schuster | pages = 97, 98, 165, 338 | isbn = 978-1-4767-9519-5}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite web | editor-last1 = Milov | editor-first1 = O. | editor-last2 = Nemtsov | editor-first2 = B. | editor-last3 = Ryzhkov | editor-first3 = V. | editor-last4 = Shorina | editor-first4 = O. | title = Putin. Corruption. An independent white paper | url = http://www.putin-itogi.ru/putin-corruption-an-independent-white-paper/ | translator-last = Essel | translator-first = Dave | website = putin-itogi.ru | date = 2011 | accessdate = February 19, 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web | last = Shuklin | first = Peter | title = Putin's inner circle: who got in a new list of US sanctions | url = https://news.liga.net/articles/politics/1066761-blizhniy_krug_putina_kto_popal_v_novyy_spisok_sanktsiy_ssha.htm | publisher = liga.net | date = March 21, 2014 | accessdate = February 20, 2016 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150207152258/http://news.liga.net/articles/politics/1066761-blizhniy_krug_putina_kto_popal_v_novyy_spisok_sanktsiy_ssha.htm | archivedate = February 7, 2015 | df = }}
11. ^{{cite news | title = Кто теперь живет на "даче Путина" в кооперативе "Озеро" | url = https://sobesednik.ru/rassledovanie/20160113-kto-teper-zhivet-na-dache-putina-v-kooperative-ozero | newspaper = Sobesednik | location = Moscow | language = Russian | trans-title = Who now lives on "Putin's dacha" in the cooperative "Lake" | date = January 13, 2016 | accessdate = February 20, 2016}}

3 : Housing cooperatives in Russia|Vladimir Putin|Organizations established in 1996
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