词条 | Pack-year |
释义 |
A pack-year is a clinical quantification of cigarette smoking used to measure a person's exposure to tobacco. This is used to assess their risk of developing lung cancer or other pathologies related to tobacco use. However, it is difficult to rely the assessment based on the pack-year due to the different nature of the packaging by different companies. DefinitionThe pack-year is a unit for measuring the amount a person has smoked over a long period of time. It is calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years the person has smoked. For example, 1 pack-year is equal to smoking 20 cigarettes (1 pack) per day for 1 year, or 40 cigarettes per day for half a year, and so on.[1] One pack-year is the equivalent of 365.24 packs of cigarettes or 7,305 cigarettes. CalculationNumber of pack-years = (packs smoked per day) × (years as a smoker) orNumber of pack-years = (number of cigarettes smoked per day/20) × number of years smoked. (1 pack has 20 cigarettes in some countries) Note that despite the unit being called a "pack-year," the actual unit is simply a number of packs (as noted above). For example: a person who has smoked 15 cigarettes a day for 40 years has a (15/20) x 40 = 30 pack-year smoking history. One pack-year is smoking 20 cigarettes a day for one year. If someone has smoked 10 cigarettes a day for 6 years they would have a 3 pack-year history. Someone who has smoked 40 cigarettes (2 packs) daily for 20 years has a 40 pack-year history. Significance and usageQuantification of pack-years smoked is important in clinical care, where degree of tobacco exposure is correlated to risk of disease such as lung cancer.[2] References1. ^http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=306510 National Cancer Institute definition of pack year 2. ^{{Citation | author = World Health Organization | title = WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008: The MPOWER Package | edition = | language = | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | year = 2008 | pages = | isbn = 978-92-4-159628-2 | url = http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.pdf |accessdate=September 6, 2017}} 2 : Smoking|Medical tests |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。