| 词条 | Pact for Italy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Pact for Italy | native_name = Patto per l'Italia | country = Italy | logo = Patto per l'Italia logo.png | logo_size = 150px | leader = Mariotto Segni Mino Martinazzoli | leader1_title = | leader1_name = | leader2_title = | leader2_name = | leader3_title = | leader3_name = | leader4_title = | leader4_name = | foundation = January 1994 | dissolution = March 1995 | headquarters = | newspaper = | membership_year = | membership = | ideology = Christian democracy | position = Centre | successor = The Olive Tree | national = | international = | european = | europarl = | website = | colorcode = gold }} The Pact for Italy ({{lang-it|Patto per l'Italia}}) was a centrist political and electoral alliance in Italy launched by Mario Segni and Mino Martinazzoli in 1994.[1][2] HistoryThe alliance was composed of the Italian People's Party (PPI), the successor party to Christian Democracy, the Segni Pact,[3] and remnants of the Italian Republican Party (PRI).[4] Originally Lega Nord was also to join the alliance, but LN leader Umberto Bossi decided to join Silvio Berlusconi's Pole of Freedoms instead.[5][6] The alliance finished third place in the 1994 general election, behind the centre-right Pole of Freedoms/Pole of Good Government and the left-wing Alliance of Progressives. The alliance returned 33 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.[7] After the election, the alliance was disbanded. The PPI suffered a split of those who wanted to join Berlusconi's centre-right (breaking from the PPI and forming the United Christian Democrats of Rocco Buttiglione) and those who wanted to ally with the left-wing Democratic Party of the Left (PDS).[8] The remaining PPI joined the PDS in the centre-left coalition The Olive Tree led by Romano Prodi.[8] Segni Pact become a minor force and formed the Pact of Democrats joint electoral list with Italian Renewal and the Italian Socialists for the 1996 general election in support of The Olive Tree.[9] CompositionIt was composed of the following political parties:
Electoral results
References1. ^{{cite book|author=David Broughton|title=Changing Party Systems in Western Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkDNoNiBEjUC&pg=PA78|accessdate=20 August 2012|year=1999|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-85567-328-1|page=78}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}{{Historical Italian political parties}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pact For Italy}}2. ^{{cite book|author=Leonardo Morlino|chapter=Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe|editor1=Richard Gunther|editor2=Nikiforos P. Diamandouros|editor3=Hans-Jürgen Puhle|title=The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ij_UoajAKawC&pg=PA378|year=1995|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-4982-4|page=378}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Guido Ortona|author2=Stefania Ottone|author3=Ferruccio Ponzano|chapter=A simulative assessment of the Italian electoral system|editor1=Fabio Padovano|editor2=Roberto Ricciuti|title=Italian Institutional Reforms: A Public Choice Perspective: A Public Choice Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9vcZor2k55AC&pg=PA34|year=2007|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-72141-5|page=34}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Stephen P. Koff|title=Italy: From the 1st to the 2nd Republic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdqFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-64369-1|page=71}} 5. ^{{cite book |first1=Giorgio |last1=Galli |title=I partiti politici italiani |year=2001 |publisher=BUR |location=Milan |pages=394–395}} 6. ^{{cite book |first1=Adalberto |last1=Signore |first2=Alessandro |last2=Trocino |title=Razza padana |year=2008 |publisher=BUR |location=Milan |pages=79–82}} 7. ^{{cite book|author1=Aldo di Virgilio|author2=Steven R. Reed|chapter=Nominating Candidates Under New Rules in Italy and Japan: You Cannot Bargain with Resources You Do Not Have|editor1=Daniela Giannetti|editor2=Bernard Grofman|title=A Natural Experiment on Electoral Law Reform: Evaluating the Long Run Consequences of 1990s Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWqqwBExassC&pg=PA83|year=2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4419-7228-6|page=83}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|editor=Gino Moliterno|title=Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4wOGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA852|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-75877-7|page=852}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=André Krouwel|title=Party Transformations in European Democracies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FQUAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA323|year=2012|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-4481-9|page=323}} 3 : Political parties established in 1994|Defunct political party alliances in Italy|1994 establishments in Italy |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。