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Pagan the Butler

释义

Career
References
Sources

Pagan the Butler ({{lang-la|Paganus Pincerna}}; died around 1149) was lord of Oultrejordain in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from around 1126. He was first mentioned as the butler of Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1120. He ordered the erection of Kerak Castle which became his seat in 1142.

Career

Pagan was an influential retainer of Baldwin II of Jerusalem who mounted the throne in 1118.{{sfn|Murray|2000|p=128}} Baldwin soon reorganized the royal court and appointed his faithful supporters to the highest offices.{{sfn|Murray|2000|p=128}} Pagan was first mentioned as the king's butler in 1120.{{sfn|Murray|2000|p=128}} Hans Eberhard Mayer argues that Pagan the Butler (who was mentioned in 1120) and Pagan of Montreal (mentioned in 1126) were not identical, but other historians have not accepted Mayer's view.{{sfn|Milwright|2008|p=28}} Pagan replaced Roman of Le Puy as lord of Oultrejordain by 1126.{{sfn|Murray|2000|p=228}} According to a royal charter which was issued in 1161, Pagan was the first lord of Oultrejordain, which implies that Le Puy had not ruled the whole territory of the lordship.{{sfn|Milwright|2008|p=28}}

Initially, Pagan had his seat in the castle of Montréal.{{sfn|Kennedy|1994|p=45}} After he could not prevent a band of Syrian soldiers from making a raid across the Jordan River,{{sfn|Runciman|1989|p=230}} he decided to build a new fortress at a triangualar plateau at the Wadi al-Karak which was located closer to the Dead Sea and Jerusalem.{{sfn|Kennedy|1994|p=45}} He transferred his seat to the newly built Kerak Castle in 1142.{{sfn|Kennedy|1994|p=45}}{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=163}} Pagan died in the late 1140s.{{sfn|Barber|1994|p=106}} He was succeeded by his nephew Maurice.{{sfn|Barber|2012|p=163}}{{sfn|Runciman|1989|p=335}}

References

Sources

{{cite book |last=Barber |first=Malcolm |author-link=Malcolm Barber |year=1994 |title=The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-60473-5 |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |last=Barber |first=Malcolm |author-link=Malcolm Barber |year=2012 |title=The Crusader States |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-11312-9 |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh N. Kennedy |year=1994 |title=Crusader Castles |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79913-3 |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |last=Milwright |first=Marcus |year=2008 |title=The Fortress of the Raven: Karak in the Middle Islamic Period (1100–1650) |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-16519-9 |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Alan V. |year=2000 |title=The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History, 1099–1125 |publisher=Prosopographica et Geneologica |isbn=978-1-9009-3403-9 |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |last=Runciman |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Runciman |year=1989 |title=A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-06163-6 |ref=harv}}

{{Refend}}{{s-start}}{{s-hou|||||{{circa}} 1149}}{{s-bef|before=Roman of Le Puy}}{{s-ttl|title=Lord of Oultrejordain|years={{circa}} 1126–{{circa}} 1149}}{{s-aft|after=Maurice}}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Butler, Pagan The}}

4 : 1140s deaths|Christians of the Crusades|Lords of Oultrejordain|Year of birth unknown

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