词条 | Dreimorengesetz | |||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
LatinThere is a similar rule for a Latin word, the penultimate rule: With few exceptions, Latin words are stressed on the penult (second-to-last syllable) if it is "heavy" (having a long vowel or diphthong or ending in a consonant), and on the antepenult (third-to-last syllable) if the penult is "light" (ending with a short vowel). Examples:
(— marks a syllable boundary, • marks a mora boundary) Moraic analysis of LatinIf one counts all "light" syllables as one mora and all "heavy" syllables as two morae, it becomes clear that the accent is essentially always placed three morae before the end of the word. Note, however, that for this analysis to work, one must always count the final syllable as one mora, regardless of its actual syllabic composition. Examples:
A somewhat different, and possibly more accurate, analysis is to consider the final syllable as extra metric; then the accent always falls on the syllable with the penult metric mora, and there is no need to define a special type of mora counting for the last syllable. Other languagesMany other languages have similar but not identical rules for the placement of the accent:
References1. ^James W. Marchand, The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic, 1973, p. 96: "5.31 The Dreimorengesetz" The prevailing theory accounting for developments of inflectional endings from IE to Germanic to "the various Germanic languages is the theory of Dreimorigkeit .. This theory, as it is set down by its outstanding exponent, Hermann Hirt, is as follows: 7 Es gab im Idg. zweimorige und ......" 2. ^Godfrey of Fontaine's Abridgement of Boethius of Dacia's: Modi Significandi by Boethius (of Dacia), Godfrey (of Fontaines), A. Charlene Senape Mac Dermott, 1980, p. 112: "It's impossible to throw it back to the preceding word [as a real enclitic does] because of the three-mora rule. An enclitic cannot be more than three-moras in length, i.e. three shorts, a long and a short, or a short and along; within a single word the most that can follow the accent is a long and a short." 3. ^Roman Jakobson, Selected Writings: Phonological studies: I, 2002, p. 263: "The "limitational rule" of Greek accentuation is actually more precise than the three-syllable rule and more exhaustive than the three-mora rule which proved unable to embrace all the possible cases: the vocalic morae between the accented..." 1 : Stress (linguistics) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。