“Pakistani Instrument of Surrender”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Pakistani Instrument of Surrender

释义

Surrender ceremony
Text of the Instrument
Sources
References

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}{{Infobox document
|document_name = Pakistani Instrument of Surrender
|image =
|image_size =
|image_alt =
|caption = Instrument of Surrender of the Pakistan Eastern Command to Bangladesh-India Allied Forces on 16 December 1971.
|date_created = 16 December 1971
|date_ratified =
|date_effective =
|location_of_document =
|writer =
|signers = Lt.Gen. A A K Niazi
Lt.Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora
|purpose = Surrender of the Pakistan Armed Forces Eastern Command in the Bangladesh Liberation War and Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
}}

The Pakistani Instrument of Surrender ({{lang-bn|পাকিস্তানের আত্মসমর্পণের দলিল}}, Pākistānēr Atmasamarpaṇēr Dalil ) was a written agreement that enabled the surrender of the Pakistan Armed Forces Eastern Command on 16 December 1971 at the Ramna Race Course garden in Dhaka, thereby ending the Bangladesh Liberation War.

Lieutenant-General A A K Niazi, Martial Law Administrator of East Pakistan, surrendered to Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, Joint Commander of Indian and Bangladeshi Forces. Air Commodore A. K. Khandker, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Bangladesh Forces, represented the Provisional Government of Bangladesh at the surrender.^[1]

The day is commemorated as Victory Day, a national holiday in Bangladesh; and as Vijay Diwas on the Indian military calendar.

Surrender ceremony

Also present were Vice-Admiral Mohammad Shariff, Commander of the Pakistani Naval Eastern Command and Air Vice-Marshal Patrick D. Callaghan of the Pakistan Air Force's Eastern Air Force Command, who signed the agreement.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} On behalf of Bangladesh, Group Captain A. K. Khandker acted as witness to the surrender.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Lt. Gen Sagat Singh, Commander of the Indian IV Corps, Air Marshal Hari Chand Dewan, Commander of Indian Eastern Air Command, Maj Gen JFR Jacob, Chief of Staff of the Indian Eastern Command, acted as witnesses on behalf of India.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} The signing of the document marked the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War and Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the creation of Bangladesh. About 93,000 Pakistani troops surrendered.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} Lt. Gen. Aurora accepted the surrender without a word, while the crowd on the race course erupted in celebrations.^[2]

Text of the Instrument

The text of the surrender is now a public property of Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani governments and the text of the document can be seen on display in the National Museum in New Delhi. The text of the Instrument of Surrender document was as follows:^[3]^[4]

The PAKISTAN Eastern Command agree to surrender all PAKISTAN Armed Forces in BANGLA DESH to Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA, General Officer Commanding in Chief of Indian and BANGLA DESH forces in the Eastern Theatre. This surrender includes all PAKISTAN land, air and naval forces as also all para-military forces and civil armed forces. These forces will lay down their arms and surrender at the places where they are currently located to the nearest regular troops under the command of Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA. The PAKISTAN Eastern Command shall come under the orders of Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA as soon as the instrument has been signed. Disobedience of orders will be regarded as a breach of the surrender terms and will be dealt with in accordance with the accepted laws and usages of war. The decision of Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA will be final, should any doubt arise as to the meaning of interpretation of the surrender terms. Lieutenant General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA gives a solemn assurance that personnel who surrender shall be treated with dignity and respect that soldiers are entitled to in accordance with provisions of the GENEVA Convention and guarantees the safety and well-being of all PAKISTAN military and para-military forces who surrender. Protection will be provided to foreign nationals, ethnic minorities and personnel of WEST PAKISTANI origin by the forces under the command of Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA.

(JAGJIT SINGH AURORA) Lieutenant-General General Officer Commanding in Chief India and BANGLA DESH Forces in the Eastern Theatre 16 December 1971	(AMIR ABDULLAH KHAN NIAZI) Lieutenant-General Martial Law Administrator Zone B and Commander Eastern Command (Pakistan) 16 December 1971

Sources

"Instrument of Surrender of Pakistani forces in Dacca", Hosted by Ministry of External Affairs, India
"The Separation of East Pakistan"

References

1. ^{{cite journal |last=Levie |first=Howard S. |date=January 1974 |title=The Indo-Pakistani Agreement of August 28, 1973 |url= |journal=American Journal of International Law |publisher=American Society of International Law |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=95–97 |doi= |jstor=2198806}}
2. ^{{cite news |last=Nayar |first=Kuldip |date=3 February 1998 |title=Of betrayal and bungling |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980203/03450744.html |newspaper=Indian Express |accessdate=17 May 2014}}
3. ^ The Instrument of Surrender on Virtual Bangladesh History
4. ^{{cite web|last=SoP|title=The Separation of East Pakistan|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/the-separation-of-east-pakistan/|publisher=Story of Pakistan|accessdate=20 July 2012}}

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