| 词条 | Palaeophis |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = Cretaceous - Eocene, {{fossil range|70.6|33.9}} | image = Palaeophiidae - Palaeophis maghrebianus.JPG | image_caption = Fossil vertebrae of Palaeophis maghrebianus from Khouribga (Morocco) | image_upright = 1.15 | taxon = Palaeophis | authority = Owen, 1841 | type_species={{extinct}}Palaeophis toliapicus | type_species_authority=Owen, 1841 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision ={{collapsible list|bullets = true |title=Species | †Palaeophis africanus Andrews 1924 | †Palaeophis casei Holman 1982 | †Palaeophis colossaeus Rage 1983 | †Palaeophis ferganicus Averianov 1997 | †Palaeophis grandis Marsh 1869 | †Palaeophis halidanus Cope 1868 | †Palaeophis littoralis Cope 1847 | †Palaeophis maghrebianus Arambourg 1952 | †Palaeophis nessovi Averianov 1997 | †Palaeophis tamdy Averianov 1997 | †Palaeophis toliapicus Owen 1841(type) | †Palaeophis typhaeus Owen 1850 | †Palaeophis vastaniensis Bajpai & Head 2008 | †Palaeophis virginianus Lynn 1934 }} }} Palaeophis ('ancient snake') is an extinct genus of marine snake that is the type genus of the extinct snake family Palaeophiidae. Species within this genus lived from the Cretaceous period to the Eocene epoch, approximately from 70.6 to 33.9 million years ago.[1] Fossils of species within this genus have been found in England, France, Denmark,[2] Morocco[3] and Mali.[3] Remains have also been found in North America, including Maryland and Virginia (from the early Eocene Nanjemoy Formation),[4] Georgia[5] and Mississippi.[6] DescriptionThese species varied broadly in size; Palaeophis casei is the smallest at 1.3 metres of length, while Palaeophis colossaeus, known from a single vertebra, is the largest at the estimated size limits for the genus at over {{convert|9|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} in length,[3] making it one of the largest known snakes. However most species of the genus were not as big.[7][8] BiologySpecies of Palaeophis were specialised aquatic animals, as their fossils occur primarily in marine strata, though at least some estuarine remains have also been found.[6] Different species are thought to have occupied different ecological niches. Studies on Palaeophis vertebrae show a high degree of vascularisation, suggesting that it had a considerably faster metabolism and growth rate than modern snakes. This may suggest that palaeophiids, like other marine reptiles such as mosasaurs, might have developed towards endothermy.[9] References1. ^Fossilworks {{portal|Paleontology}}{{Commons category|Palaeophis}}{{Wikispecies}}{{Fossil snakes}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2449270}}{{paleo-reptile-stub}}{{snake-stub}}2. ^{{cite journal|last=Kristensen|first=H. V.|author2=Cuny, G. |author3=Rasmussen, A. R. |author4= Madsen, H |title=Earliest record of the fossil snake Palaeophis from the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in Denmark|journal=Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France|date=2012|volume=183|issue=6|pages=621–625|url=http://bsgf.geoscienceworld.org/content/183/6/621.abstract |doi=10.2113/gssgfbull.183.6.621}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Rage|first=J.-C.|title=Palaeophis colossaeus nov. sp. (le plus grand Seprent connu?) de l’Eocène du Mali et le problème du genre chez les Palaeopheinae|journal=Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris |date=1983|volume=3|issue=296|pages=1741–1744}} 4. ^Blake, S. F. "Note on a vertebra of Palaeophis from the Eocene of Maryland." Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 31.12 (1941): 501-503. 5. ^Parmley, Dennis, and Harold W. Reed. "Size and age class estimates of North American Eocene palaeopheid snakes." Georgia Journal of Science 61.4 (2003): 220. 6. ^1 Holman, J. Alan. "Palaeophis casei, new species, a tiny palaeophid snake from the early Eocene of Mississippi." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2.2 (1982): 163-166. 7. ^{{cite journal |authors=Holman, J. Alan |year=1982 |title=Palaeophis casei, new species, a tiny palaeophid snake from the early Eocene of Mississippi |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=163–166 |jstor=4522892 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1982.10011927}} 8. ^{{cite journal| last = Rage| first = Jean-Claude|title = Early Eocene snakes from Kutch, Western India, with a review of the Palaeophiidae| journal = Geodiversitas| volume = 25| issue = 4| pages = 695–716|publisher = Editions scientifiques du Muséum, Paris, France| year = 2003| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287476886_Early_Eocene_snakes_from_Kutch_Western_India_with_a_review_of_the_Palaeophiidae| issn = 1280-9659| accessdate = 12 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Houssaye|first1=Alexandra|last2=Rage|first2=Jean-Claude |last3=Bardet|first3=Nathalie |last4=Vincent|first4=Peggy|last5=Amaghzaz|first5=Mbarek |last6=Meslouh|first6=Said |year=2013 |title=New highlights about the enigmatic marine snake Palaeophis maghrebianus (Palaeophiidae; Palaeophiinae) from the Ypresian (Lower Eocene) phosphates of Morocco |journal=Palaeontology |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=647–661 | doi=10.1111/pala.12008}} 6 : Eocene snakes|Paleocene reptiles of Europe|Paleogene reptiles of Africa|Eocene reptiles of Europe|Taxa named by Richard Owen|Fossil taxa described in 1841 |
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