| 词条 | Paracas National Reserve |
| 释义 |
| name = Paracas National Reserve |alt_name=Reserva Nacional de Paracas| iucn_category = VI | photo = Playa Sacasemita.jpg | photo_caption =Sacasemita beach, at Paracas National Reserve. | map = Peru | map_image = | map_alt = | map_caption = | relief=yes | location = {{PER}} Ica | nearest_city = Pisco | coordinates = {{coord|13|53|43.5|S|76|16|15.9|W|region:PE|display=it}} | area = 3350 km² | established = 25 September 1975 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = SERNANP | website = Reserva Nacional de Paracas (in Spanish) | embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Paracas | designation1_date = 30 March 1992 | designation1_number = 545[1]}} }}Paracas National Reserve is a protected area located in the region of Ica, Peru and protects desert and marine ecosystems for their conservation and sustainable use.[2] There are also archaeological remains of the Paracas culture inside the reserve.[2] GeographyThe reserve is located in the region of Ica, and spans an area of 335000 hectares, 65% of which correspond to marine ecosystems.[3] The highest elevation in the reserve is 786 m.[3] The reserve includes coastal geographic features such as: the Paracas Peninsula, Independencia Bay, San Gallán Island, Paracas Bay and Independencia Island.[4] Climate{{climate chart| Pisco |17.4|27.1|0 |18.4|27.7|0 |17.9|27.8|0 |16.1|26.2|0 |14.1|23.5|0 |12.9|21.4|0 |12.3|20.5|0 |11.8|20.7|0 |12.3|21.3|1 |12.9|22.4|0 |14.1|23.3|0 |15.8|25.2|0 |float = left |clear = left |units = |source = [https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/peru/ica/pisco-25921/ Climate-Data.org] }} Paracas National Reserve is an arid zone, with intense local winds known as paracas.[2] Precipitation is scarce and occurs in winter, falling mostly on the top of the highest hills, which is vital to the lomas ecosystem.[2][9] The following climograph corresponds to the nearby town of Pisco (19 m of elevation).[5] EcologyFloraSome terrestrial plant species found in the reserve are: Tiquilia paronychoides, Prosopis pallida, Distichlis spicata, Tillandsia spp., Eriosyce omasensis, Geoffroea decorticans, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Cressa truxillensis, Geranium limae, Suaeda foliosa, Oxalis carnosa, etc.[6][7][8][4] Algae found in the reserve include: Ulva lactuca, Chondracanthus chamissoi, Macrocystis pyrifera, Pyropia columbina, etc.[6][9][10] FaunaMammals found in the reserve include: the sei whale, the South American fur seal, the dusky dolphin, the marine otter, the sperm whale, the humpback whale, the South American sea lion, the killer whale, the common bottlenose dolphin, the southern right whale, etc.[2][4] Birds found in the reserve include: the Andean condor, the Chilean flamingo, the spotted sandpiper, the oasis hummingbird, the Peruvian pelican, the Inca tern, the black skimmer, the Humboldt penguin, the guanay cormorant, the Peruvian thick-knee, the Andean swift, the Peruvian diving petrel, etc.[6][4] Molluscs found in the area include: Argopecten purpuratus, Concholepas concholepas, Thais chocolata, Fissurella maxima, Glaucus atlanticus, Choromytilus chorus, Aulacomya atra, etc.[4]Fish found in the reserve include: the Peruvian hake, the flathead grey mullet, the skipjack tuna, the blue flyingfish, the humpback smooth-hound, the copper shark, the Peruvian anchoveta, the eastern Pacific bonito, the Peruvian eagle ray, the fine flounder, the blue shark, the corvina, the bigeye tuna, etc.[4] ArchaeologyThere are 65 archaological sites identified inside the reserve,[4] many of them of the Paracas culture, known for their textile crafts.[2] RecreationBeach tourism and wildlife observation are the main activities in the reserve.[2] AccessParacas National Reserve is located 250 km south of Lima, and a few kilometers from the town of Pisco.[2] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|title=Paracas|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/545|accessdate=25 April 2018}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite web|url=http://www.sernanp.gob.pe/de-paracas|title=De Paracas - Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado|website=www.sernanp.gob.pe|language=es-ES|access-date=2018-11-09}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.parkswatch.org/parkprofile.php?l=eng&country=per&park=panr&page=phy|title=Paracas National Reserve - Park Profile - Geography|website=www.parkswatch.org|access-date=2018-11-11}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite book|title=Plan Maestro - Reserva Nacional de Paracas 2003-2007|last=|first=|publisher=SERNANP|year=2002|isbn=|location=|pages=43, 164–165, 179–180|language=Spanish}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/peru/ica/pisco-25921/|title=Pisco climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Pisco weather averages - Climate-Data.org|website=en.climate-data.org|access-date=2018-11-10}} 6. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.parkswatch.org/parkprofile.php?l=eng&country=per&park=panr&page=bio&p=per|title=Paracas National Reserve - Park Profile - Biodiversity|website=www.parkswatch.org|access-date=2018-11-10}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title=Paracas National Reserve: 40 years|last=|first=|publisher=SERNANP|year=2015|isbn=|location=|pages=111|language=Spanish, English}} 8. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Johnston|first=Ivan M.|date=1931|title=THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE GUANO ISLANDS OF PERU|journal=Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University|issue=95|pages=26–35|jstor=41764132}} 9. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ramírez|first=M. E.|last2=Santelices|first2=B.|date=1991|title=Catalogo de las algas marinas bentonicas de la costa temperada del Pacifico de Sudamerica|url=|journal=Monografias Biologicas|language=Spanish|volume=5|pages=1–437|via=}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=142187&distro=y#distro|title=Pyropia columbina (Montagne) W.A.Nelson :: Algaebase|website=www.algaebase.org|access-date=2018-11-10}} External links
6 : Protected areas established in 1975|World Heritage Sites in Peru|Ramsar sites in Peru|Geography of Ica Region|Tourist attractions in Ica Region|Rock formations of Peru |
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