| 词条 | Paramo Frontino salamander |
| 释义 |
| image = | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Bolitoglossa hypacra | authority = ({{interlanguage link multi|Arden H. Brame|fr|lt=Brame}} and Wake, 1962) | synonyms = Magnadigita hypacra Brame and Wake, 1962 | synonyms_ref = [3] }} The Paramo Frontino salamander (Bolitoglossa hypacra) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae.[3] It is endemic to the Western Ranges of the Colombian Andes (Cordillera Occidental) where it is known from the area of its type locality, Páramo Frontino. It is also known from the Colibri del Sol Bird Reserve near Urrao.[1][6][7] both areas are in the Antioquia Department.[1][6] DescriptionThis species was described based a single adult female, the holotype, measuring {{convert|62|-|63|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length.[11] The tail length is {{convert|52|mm|abbr=on}}. The overall dorsal coloration is dark brown, getting lighter (gray brown) ventrally. There is coarse yellow to yellow-range dorsal speckling, and large, scattered yellow lateral spots, some of them extending onto the venter. The tail is sparsely spotted. The hands and feet are greatly reduced webbing. Habitat and conservationIts natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland at elevations of {{convert|3600|–|3700|m|abbr=on}} above sea level. The assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) states that the type locality is within the Paramillo National Natural Park,[1] although this does not agree with the definition of Páramo Frontino elsewhere.[14] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | author = Castro, F. | author2 = Isabel Herrera, M. | author3 = Lynch, J. | title = Bolitoglossa hypacra | journal = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume= 2009 | page = e.T59170A11893035 | year = 2009 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T59170A11893035.en }} [2][3][4][5][6]2. ^1 {{Cite journal| last1 = Brame| first1 = A. H., Jr.| last2 = Wake | first2 = David B. | title = The salamanders of South America | year = 1963 | journal = Contributions in Science |publisher=Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County| volume = 69| pages = 1–72 | url = https://archive.org/details/TheSalamandersOfSouthAmerica}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://siatpc.iiap.org.co/docs/avances/cepfrontino.pdf |title=Caracterización ecológica y sociocultural del Páramo de Frontiono o del Sol |author=Klinger Braham, William |display-authors=etal |date=December 2012 |publisher=Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico “John Von Neumann” |location=Quibdó, Colombia |accessdate=23 March 2017}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Caudata/Plethodontidae/Hemidactyliinae/Bolitoglossa/Bolitoglossa-hypacra |title=Bolitoglossa hypacra (Brame and Wake, 1962) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2017 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=23 March 2017}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://www.batrachia.com/plethodontidae/bolitoglossa/bolitoglossa-hypacra/ |title=Bolitoglossa hypacra (Brame & Wake, 1962 |author1=Acosta Galvis, A. R. |author2=D. Cuentas |year=2017 |work=Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.07.2017.0 |publisher=www.batrachia.com |accessdate=15 March 2017}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.proaves.org/conservation-actions-for-the-pramo-del-sol/?lang=en |title=Conservation actions for the Páramo del Sol |author= |date=3 March 2010 |website= |publisher=ProAves |accessdate=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920112304/http://www.proaves.org/conservation-actions-for-the-pramo-del-sol/?lang=en |archive-date=20 September 2015 |dead-url=no}} }}{{Taxonbar|from=Q977289}} 8 : Bolitoglossa|Amphibians of the Andes|Amphibians of Colombia|Endemic fauna of Colombia|Páramo fauna|Amphibians described in 1962|Taxa named by David B. Wake|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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