| 词条 | Paratransgenesis |
| 释义 |
Paratransgenesis is a technique that attempts to eliminate a pathogen from vector populations through transgenesis of a symbiont of the vector. The goal of this technique is to control vector-borne diseases. The first step is to identify proteins that prevent the vector species from transmitting the pathogen. The genes coding for these proteins are then introduced into the symbiont, so that they can be expressed in the vector. The final step in the strategy is to introduce these transgenic symbionts into vector populations in the wild. The first example of this technique used Rhodnius prolixus which is associated with the symbiont Rhodococcus rhodnii. R. prolixus is an important insect vector of Chagas disease that is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The strategy was to engineer R. rhodnii to express proteins such as Cecropin A that are toxic to T. cruzi or that block the transmission of T. cruzi.[1] Attempts are also made in Tse-tse flies using bacteria[2][3] and in malaria mosquitoes using fungi,[4] viruses,[5] or bacteria.[6] In order to perform paratransgenesis, there are several requirements:
References1. ^Durvasula, R.V., Gumbs, A., Panackal, A., Kruglov, O., Aksoy, S., Merrifield, R.B., Richards, F.F., and Beard, C.B. (1997). Prevention of insect-borne disease: an approach using transgenic symbiotic bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 3274-3278. 2. ^{{cite journal|last=Aksoy|first=S|author2=Weiss, B |author3=Attardo, G |title=Paratransgenesis applied for control of tsetse transmitted sleeping sickness.|journal=Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology|year=2008|volume=627|pages=35–48|pmid=18510012|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-78225-6_3}} 3. ^{{cite journal|vauthors=De Vooght L, Caljon G, Stijlemans B, De Baetselier P, Coosemans M, Van den Abbeele J|title=Expression and extracellular release of a functional anti-trypanosome Nanobody® in Sodalis glossinidius, a bacterial symbiont of the tsetse fly.|journal=Microbial cell factories|date=Feb 15, 2012|volume=11|pages=23|pmid=22335892|doi=10.1186/1475-2859-11-23|pmc=3311065}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Fang|first=W|author2=Vega-Rodríguez, J |author3=Ghosh, AK |author4=Jacobs-Lorena, M |author5=Kang, A |author6= St Leger, RJ |title=Development of transgenic fungi that kill human malaria parasites in mosquitoes.|journal=Science|date=Feb 25, 2011|volume=331|issue=6020|pages=1074–7|pmid=21350178|doi=10.1126/science.1199115 |pmc=4153607}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last=Ren|first=X|author2=Hoiczyk, E |author3=Rasgon, JL |title=Viral paratransgenesis in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.|journal=PLOS Pathogens|date=Aug 22, 2008|volume=4|issue=8|pages=e1000135|pmid=18725926|doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1000135|pmc=2500179}} 6. ^{{cite journal|vauthors=Rodrigues FG, Santos MN, de Carvalho TX, Rocha BC, Riehle MA, Pimenta PF, Abraham EG, Jacobs-Lorena M, Alves de Brito CF, Moreira LA |title=Expression of a mutated phospholipase A2 in transgenic Aedes fluviatilis mosquitoes impacts Plasmodium gallinaceum development.|journal=Insect molecular biology|date=Apr 2008|volume=17|issue=2|pages=175–83|pmid=18353106|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00791.x|pmc=4137777}} 2 : Applied genetics|Genetic engineering |
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