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词条 Parks and open spaces in London
释义

  1. Royal parks

  2. Council parks

  3. Other green spaces

  4. Commons

  5. Lavender Fields

  6. Greenways

  7. By location

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. External links

There are many parks and open spaces in Greater London, England. Green space in central London consists of five of the capital's eight Royal Parks, supplemented by a number of small garden squares scattered throughout the city centre. Open space in the rest of the region is dominated by the remaining three Royal Parks and many other parks and open spaces of a range of sizes, run mainly by the local London boroughs, although other owners include the National Trust and the City of London Corporation.

London is made of 40% public green space, including 3,000 parks and totaling 35,000 acres.[1][2]

Royal parks

{{main|Royal Parks of London}}

The centrepieces of Greater London's park system are the eight Royal Parks of London. Covering 1976 hectares (4,882 acres),[3] they are former royal hunting grounds which are now open to the public.

  • Richmond Park 955 ha (2,359.85 acres)
  • Bushy Park 450 ha (1,112 acres)
  • Regent's Park 197 ha (486.79 acres)
  • Hyde Park 140 ha (346 acres)
  • Kensington Gardens 111 ha (274 acres)
  • Greenwich Park 73 ha (180 acres)
  • St. James's Park 34 ha (84 acres)
  • Green Park 16 ha (39.5 acres)

==Garden squares==

{{Main|List of garden squares in London}}

Many of the smaller green spaces in central London are garden squares, which were built for the private use of the residents of the fashionable districts, but in some cases are now open to the public. Notable examples open to the public are Russell Square in Bloomsbury, Lincoln's Inn Fields in Holborn and Soho Square in Soho.

The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea contains over a hundred garden squares whose use is restricted to residents. The upkeep of many of these spaces (also named for example Crescents, Gardens, Place) is paid for through a levy on top of residents' council tax.[4]

{{clear}}

Council parks

In addition to these spaces, a large number of council-owned parks were developed between the mid 19th century and the Second World War.

  • Victoria Park 86.18 ha (213 acres),[5]
  • Battersea Park 83 ha (205 acres).[6]
  • Crystal Palace Park, South London 80 ha (200 acres)
  • Alexandra Park 80 ha (197.68 acres)
  • Brockwell Park 51 hectares (126 acres)[7]

Other green spaces

Other major open spaces in the suburbs include:

  • Thames Chase 9,842 hectares (24,320 acres)[8]
  • Epping Forest, 2,476 hectares (6,118 acres)[9]
  • Wildspace Conservation Park 645 hectares (1,593 acres)[10]
  • Wimbledon Common, about 460 hectares (1,136 acres)[11]
  • Hampstead Heath, 320 hectares (790 acres)[12]
  • Walthamstow Wetlands 211 hectares (520 acres)[13]
  • Mitcham Common 182 hectares (449.7 acres)[14]
  • Trent Park 169 hectares (417.6 acres)[15]
  • Hainault Forest Country Park 136 hectares (336 acres)[16]
  • Clapham Common, 89 hectares (219.9 acres)[17]
  • Wormwood Scrubs, 80 hectares (200 acres)
  • Wandsworth Common, 73 hectares (180 acres)
  • South Norwood Country Park 47 hectares (116 acres)[18]

They have a more informal and semi-natural character, having originally been countryside areas protected against surrounding urbanisation. Some cemeteries provide extensive green land within the city — notably Highgate Cemetery, burial place of Karl Marx and Michael Faraday amongst others. Completing London's array of green spaces are two paid entrance gardens — the leader is the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, whilst the royal residence of Hampton Court Palace also has a celebrated garden. All Outer London boroughs contain sections of the metropolitan green belt.[19]

Commons

There are over a hundred registered commons in London, ranging in size from small fragments of land to large expanses.

Lavender Fields

There are two historic lavender fields in the London Borough of Sutton. One, at Oaks Way, Carshalton Beeches is three acres in size and is run as a not-for-profit community project. The other, a 25-acre commercial site in Croydon Lane called Mayfield, is popular with tourists. Situated on the North Downs of Surrey, the locality is ideal for lavender cultivation, owing to the chalky free-draining nature of the soil. It was known as the "Lavender Capital of the World" from the 18th to the early 20th centuries, with global production of the plant centred here and blue fields dotting the area.[20][21]

Greenways

There are several types of London greenways including The Greenway and the Thames Path.

By location

  1. City of London
  2. Westminster
  3. Kensington and Chelsea
  4. Hammersmith and Fulham
  5. Wandsworth
  6. Lambeth
  7. Southwark
  8. Tower Hamlets
  9. Hackney
  10. Islington
  11. Camden
  12. Brent
  13. Ealing
  14. Hounslow
  15. Richmond
  16. Kingston upon Thames
  17. Merton
 {{London boroughs imagemap}}
  1. Sutton
  2. Croydon
  3. Bromley
  4. Lewisham
  5. Greenwich
  6. Bexley
  7. Havering
  8. Barking and Dagenham
  9. Redbridge
  10. Newham
  11. Waltham Forest
  12. Haringey
  13. Enfield
  14. Barnet
  15. Harrow
  16. Hillingdon

See also

  • List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London
  • List of Local Nature Reserves in Greater London
  • Walking in London

References

1. ^https://www.edie.net/news/6/London--greenest-city--in-Europe-/
2. ^https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/47-per-cent-of-london-is-green-space-is-it-time-for-our-capital-to-become-a-national-park-9756470.html
3. ^https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo020207/text/20207w18.htm, Hansard. Written answers for 7 Feb 2002. URL accessed on 17 July 2009.
4. ^"Your garden square and you" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711162431/http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/gardensquares/general/default.asp |date=2006-07-11 }}, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London, UK. URL accessed 20 June 2006.
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/451-500/461_parks/victoria_park/visitor_information.aspx |title=Tower Hamlets Council > Leisure and culture > Parks and open spaces > Parks > Victoria Park > Visitor information |author= |date= |work=web page |publisher=Tower Hamlets Council |accessdate=29 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125021941/http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/lgsl/451-500/461_parks/victoria_park/visitor_information.aspx |archivedate=25 January 2013 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/info/200073/parks_and_open_spaces/266/battersea_park |title=Wandsworth Battersea Park |author= |year=2013 |work=web page |publisher=Wandsworth Council |accessdate=29 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123123710/http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/info/200073/parks_and_open_spaces/266/battersea_park |archivedate=23 January 2013 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Brockwell Park|url=https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/places/brockwell-park|website=Lambeth Council|accessdate=18 February 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.forestry.gov.uk/newsrele.nsf/WebPressReleases/5D448E0549A856E48025669F002D0DA5 |title= Forestry Commission News Release No. 1656, 1.6 MILLION MORE TREES PROMISED FOR THE EAST OF LONDON |date= 28 October 1998 |publisher= Forestry Commission |accessdate= 13 March 2010 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110606060551/http://www.forestry.gov.uk/newsrele.nsf/WebPressReleases/5D448E0549A856E48025669F002D0DA5 |archivedate= 6 June 2011 |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web |url= http://217.154.230.195/NR/rdonlyres/A3CB6563-4D0D-4C35-AC7F-818C28306E79/0/OS_EF_Dogs.pdf |title= Epping Forest You & Your Dog |work= brichure |publisher= City of London |accessdate= 2010-03-13 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110704191340/http://217.154.230.195/NR/rdonlyres/A3CB6563-4D0D-4C35-AC7F-818C28306E79/0/OS_EF_Dogs.pdf |archivedate= 2011-07-04 |df= }}
10. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.investbritain.co.uk/News/Thames-Gateway/Regeneration-&-Remediation/ltgdc-launches-vision-for-london-riverside.htm |title= LTGDC launches vision for London Riverside |date= 19 April 2008 |work= |publisher= Invest Britain UK regional development and inward investment |accessdate= 13 March 2010 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004022/http://www.investbritain.co.uk/News/Thames-Gateway/Regeneration-%26-Remediation/ltgdc-launches-vision-for-london-riverside.htm |archivedate= 9 October 2011 |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wpcc.org.uk/commons.html|title=Wimbledon & Putney Commons facts and figures|year=2007|accessdate=13 March 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828111544/http://www.wpcc.org.uk/commons.html|archivedate=28 August 2013|df=}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Environment_and_planning/Parks_and_open_spaces/Hampstead_Heath/ |title=City of London Hampstead Heath |author=David Bentley |date=12 February 2010 |publisher=City of London |accessdate=13 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0xBire?url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Environment_and_planning/Parks_and_open_spaces/Hampstead_Heath/ |archivedate=19 May 2011 |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web |title=Walthamstow Wetlands {{!}} Visit Walthamstow Wetlands |url = http://www.walthamstow-wetlands.org.uk/visit/ | website=www.walthamstow-wetlands.org.uk |accessdate=2015-10-27}}
14. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.mitchamcommon.org/ |title= Mitcham Common |publisher= Mitcham Common Conservators |accessdate=13 March 2010}}
15. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option,com_parksandgardens/task,site/id,3305/Itemid,292/ |title= Parks & Gardens UK, Trent Park, Enfield, England |date= 15 August 2009 |work= web page |publisher= Parks & Gardens Data Services Ltd |accessdate= 2010-03-13 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120226090508/http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/component/option,com_parksandgardens/task,site/id,3305/Itemid,292/ |archivedate= 26 February 2012 |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1004044.pdf |title= Essex/Greater London Site Name: Hainault Forest |publisher= Natural England |accessdate=13 March 2010}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.visitlondon.com/attractions/outdoors/heaths-and-commons |title=London's heaths and commons |publisher=visitlondon.com |accessdate=13 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015080510/http://www.visitlondon.com/attractions/outdoors/heaths-and-commons |archivedate=October 15, 2009 }}
18. ^{{cite web |url= http://planning.croydon.gov.uk/DocOnline/38208_5.pdf |title= South Norwood Country Park - Children's Play Area Design and Access Statement |date= 27 February 2008 |publisher= Croydon Council |accessdate= 13 March 2010 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20111008021851/http://planning.croydon.gov.uk/DocOnline/38208_5.pdf |archivedate= 8 October 2011 |df= }}
19. ^Greater London Authority - London's strategic open space network {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409101910/http://www.london.gov.uk/thelondonplan/images/maps-diagrams/jpg/map-3d-3.jpg |date=2008-04-09 }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mayfieldlavender.com/lavender-revival/|title=Mayfield Lavender|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530101538/http://www.mayfieldlavender.com/lavender-revival/|archivedate=2008-05-30|df=}}
21. ^Carshalton Lavender

External links

  • London Parks and Gardens Trust
  • London Landscape Architecture Visitors Guide
  • Green-Spaces Guide to London
  • Green Spaces Near You in London
{{Parks and open spaces in London}}{{Parks UK}}{{London landmarks}}

1 : Parks and open spaces in London
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