| 词条 | Parndana, South Australia |
| 释义 |
| type = town | name = Parndana | state = sa | image = Parndana,_South_Australia.jpg | caption = Parndana | image_alt = | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|35|47|25|S|137|15|46|E|display=inline,title}} | coord_ref = [1] | pushpin_label_position = left | map_alt = | pop = 149 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} | pop_footnotes=[2] | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = 26 July 1951 (town) 16 May 2002 (locality) | established_footnotes = [3][4] | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 5220[5] | elevation = | elevation_footnotes = | area = | area_footnotes = | timezone = ACST | utc = +9:30 | timezone-dst = ACDT | utc-dst = +10:30 | dist1 = 155 | dir1 = SW | location1 = Adelaide | dist2 = 40 | dir2 = SW | location2 = Kingscote | lga = Kangaroo Island Council | region = Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island[6] | county = Carnarvon[1] | stategov = Mawson[7] | fedgov = Mayo[8] | url = | maxtemp = 20.9 | mintemp = 9.0 | rainfall = 454.8 | maxtemp_footnotes = [9] | mintemp_footnotes = [9] | rainfall_footnotes = [9] | near-n = Cassini | near-ne = Cassini | near-e = Seddon | near-se = Seddon | near-s = Seddon | near-sw = Seddon | near-w = Duncan | near-nw = Duncan | footnotes = Location[5] Adjoining localities[1] }}Parndana is a town and locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on Kangaroo Island about {{convert|155|km}} southwest of the state capital of Adelaide and about {{convert|40|km}} southwest of the municipal seat of Kingscote.[5][1] HistoryParndana was established after the Second World War to support the Soldier Settlement Scheme on Kangaroo Island. The name "Parndana" means "The Place of Little Gums".[10] Returned soldiers and their families began to arrive in the area in 1948, occupying huts brought from a former internment camp, and began to move onto their farms in 1951. A total of 174 families came to live in the area, almost doubling Kangaroo Island's population by 1954.[11] The Town of Parndana which was proclaimed on 26 July 1951 under the Crown Lands Act 1929-1944, occupied a triangular-shaped area of land in the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Seddon bounded by the Playford Highway on the north-west, the Rowland Hill Highway to the south-west and the Wedgewood Road to the east.[1][3] The soldier settlements were established on Crown land, which first had to be cleared of heavy native vegetation. Returned soldiers had to agree to live and work in camps to undertake this clearance work for a number of years before being allocated a block of land which then required further development before they could begin to farm the land, the costs of this further development being bourne by the settlers using government loans (arbitrarily administered by public servants without any specific knowledge of farming needs in the district). Many settlers were unable to succeed in raising sheep (recommended as the best use of the land) because of the widespread use of the Yarloop clover (recommended for use in heavy wet soils), which was subsequently discovered to reduce the fertility of sheep,[12] but at the time the settlers were blamed for their poor farm management skills. Later it was an expensive exercise for farmers to remove the Yarloop clover and replace it with other varieties of clover. As a consequence of these issues, by the 1970s some settlers were in desperate financial circumstances and the government wanted to foreclose on their loans, forcing them to sell their farms, leading to desperate protests and legal action based on the misadvice they had received from public servants.[13] Boundaries for the locality of Parndana were created on 16 May 2002 which consisted of the town's site and some land to the immediate west. The locality name was spelt incorrectly in the notice gazetted on 16 May 2002 and was subsequently corrected in the South Australian Government Gazette on 29 August 2002.[4][1] FacilitiesThe town has an area school for years reception to 12, a community hotel and two general stores.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} The Parndana Research Centre was established to the south of the town as a support for early farming activities but closed in the 1990s.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} AttractionsThe Soldier Settlement Museum provides information and artefacts relating to the soldier settlement program.[14] SportsThe Parndana Football Club first fielded teams in 1948, 1949 and 1951 during the early days of the land clearing operations, before being permanently admitted to the Kangaroo Island football league in February 1956.[15] Climate{{Weather box| width = auto |collapsed = yes | metric first = yes | single line = y | location = Parndana East Research Station (sic) (155m ASL), Seddon, South Australia[16] | Jan maximum humidex = | Feb maximum humidex = | Mar maximum humidex = | Apr maximum humidex = | May maximum humidex = | Jun maximum humidex = | Jul maximum humidex = | Aug maximum humidex = | Sep maximum humidex = | Oct maximum humidex = | Nov maximum humidex = | Dec maximum humidex = | year maximum humidex = | Jan record high C = 43.0 | Feb record high C = 41.7 | Mar record high C = 38.6 | Apr record high C = 33.2 | May record high C = 26.7 | Jun record high C = 20.3 | Jul record high C = 22.2 | Aug record high C = 23.4 | Sep record high C = 26.9 | Oct record high C = 32.4 | Nov record high C = 41.1 | Dec record high C = 41.3 | year record high C = 43.0 | Jan avg record high C = | Feb avg record high C = | Mar avg record high C = | Apr avg record high C = | May avg record high C = | Jun avg record high C = | Jul avg record high C = | Aug avg record high C = | Sep avg record high C = | Oct avg record high C = | Nov avg record high C = | Dec avg record high C = | year avg record high C = | Jan high C = 24.8 | Feb high C = 25.2 | Mar high C = 22.7 | Apr high C = 20.1 | May high C = 16.6 | Jun high C = 14.2 | Jul high C = 13.5 | Aug high C = 14.1 | Sep high C = 15.4 | Oct high C = 17.7 | Nov high C = 20.5 | Dec high C = 23.1 | year high C = 19.0 | Jan mean C = 18.7 | Feb mean C = 19.3 | Mar mean C = 17.5 | Apr mean C = 15.4 | May mean C = 12.8 | Jun mean C = 10.8 | Jul mean C = 10.0 | Aug mean C = 10.3 | Sep mean C = 11.2 | Oct mean C = 12.9 | Nov mean C = 14.9 | Dec mean C = 17.1 | year mean C = 14.2 | Jan low C = 12.5 | Feb low C = 13.3 | Mar low C = 12.2 | Apr low C = 10.6 | May low C = 8.9 | Jun low C = 7.3 | Jul low C = 6.5 | Aug low C = 6.5 | Sep low C = 7.0 | Oct low C = 8.1 | Nov low C = 9.3 | Dec low C = 11.0 | year low C = 9.4 | Jan avg record low C = | Feb avg record low C = | Mar avg record low C = | Apr avg record low C = | May avg record low C = | Jun avg record low C = | Jul avg record low C = | Aug avg record low C = | Sep avg record low C = | Oct avg record low C = | Nov avg record low C = | Dec avg record low C = | year avg record low C = | Jan record low C = 5.0 | Feb record low C = 4.8 | Mar record low C = 5.0 | Apr record low C = 2.0 | May record low C = 0.9 | Jun record low C = -0.6 | Jul record low C = -2.5 | Aug record low C = -1.0 | Sep record low C = 1.1 | Oct record low C = 0.1 | Nov record low C = 1.2 | Dec record low C = 2.8 | year record low C = -2.5 | Jan chill = | Feb chill = | Mar chill = | Apr chill = | May chill = | Jun chill = | Jul chill = | Aug chill = | Sep chill = | Oct chill = | Nov chill = | Dec chill = | year chill = | precipitation colour = | Jan precipitation mm = | Feb precipitation mm = | Mar precipitation mm = | Apr precipitation mm = | May precipitation mm = | Jun precipitation mm = | Jul precipitation mm = | Aug precipitation mm = | Sep precipitation mm = | Oct precipitation mm = | Nov precipitation mm = | Dec precipitation mm = | year precipitation mm = | Jan precipitation cm = | Feb precipitation cm = | Mar precipitation cm = | Apr precipitation cm = | May precipitation cm = | Jun precipitation cm = | Jul precipitation cm = | Aug precipitation cm = | Sep precipitation cm = | Oct precipitation cm = | Nov precipitation cm = | Dec precipitation cm = | year precipitation cm = | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 16.5 | Feb rain mm = 21.1 | Mar rain mm = 29.0 | Apr rain mm = 49.2 | May rain mm = 74.4 | Jun rain mm = 87.9 | Jul rain mm = 101.5 | Aug rain mm = 86.1 | Sep rain mm = 63.9 | Oct rain mm = 45.4 | Nov rain mm = 28.7 | Dec rain mm = 23.6 | year rain mm = 627.4 | Jan rain cm = | Feb rain cm = | Mar rain cm = | Apr rain cm = | May rain cm = | Jun rain cm = | Jul rain cm = | Aug rain cm = | Sep rain cm = | Oct rain cm = | Nov rain cm = | Dec rain cm = | year rain cm = | snow colour = | Jan snow mm = | Feb snow mm = | Mar snow mm = | Apr snow mm = | May snow mm = | Jun snow mm = | Jul snow mm = | Aug snow mm = | Sep snow mm = | Oct snow mm = | Nov snow mm = | Dec snow mm = | year snow mm = | Jan snow cm = | Feb snow cm = | Mar snow cm = | Apr snow cm = | May snow cm = | Jun snow cm = | Jul snow cm = | Aug snow cm = | Sep snow cm = | Oct snow cm = | Nov snow cm = | Dec snow cm = | year snow cm = | unit rain days = | Jan rain days = 6.7 | Feb rain days = 6.1 | Mar rain days = 9.8 | Apr rain days = 13.3 | May rain days = 18.1 | Jun rain days = 18.5 | Jul rain days = 22.0 | Aug rain days = 21.6 | Sep rain days = 18.6 | Oct rain days = 14.7 | Nov rain days = 11.0 | Dec rain days = 9.2 | year rain days = 169.6 | unit snow days = | Jan snow days = | Feb snow days = | Mar snow days = | Apr snow days = | May snow days = | Jun snow days = | Jul snow days = | Aug snow days = | Sep snow days = | Oct snow days = | Nov snow days = | Dec snow days = | year snow days = | humidity colour = green | time day = 3pm | daily = | Jan humidity = 48 | Feb humidity = 49 | Mar humidity = 56 | Apr humidity = 60 | May humidity = 69 | Jun humidity = 75 | Jul humidity = 76 | Aug humidity = 72 | Sep humidity = 69 | Oct humidity = 64 | Nov humidity = 56 | Dec humidity = 52 | year humidity = 62 | Jan afthumidity = | Feb afthumidity = | Mar afthumidity = | Apr afthumidity = | May afthumidity = | Jun afthumidity = | Jul afthumidity = | Aug afthumidity = | Sep afthumidity = | Oct afthumidity = | Nov afthumidity = | Dec afthumidity = | year afthumidity = | Jan sun = | Feb sun = | Mar sun = | Apr sun = | May sun = | Jun sun = | Jul sun = | Aug sun = | Sep sun = | Oct sun = | Nov sun = | Dec sun = | year sun = | Jand sun = | Febd sun = | Mard sun = | Aprd sun = | Mayd sun = | Jund sun = | Juld sun = | Augd sun = | Sepd sun = | Octd sun = | Novd sun = | Decd sun = | yeard sun = | Jan percentsun = | Feb percentsun = | Mar percentsun = | Apr percentsun = | May percentsun = | Jun percentsun = | Jul percentsun = | Aug percentsun = | Sep percentsun = | Oct percentsun = | Nov percentsun = | Dec percentsun = | year percentsun = | source = [17] }} Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|title=Search results for 'Parndana, LOCB' with the following datasets selected - 'Suburbs and localities', 'Counties', 'Hundreds', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions' and 'Gazetteer'|url= http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/?map=roads&x=137.26424&y=-35.78379&z=15&uids=19,2,115,8,11,20,105&pinx=137.261670&piny=-35.786750&pinTitle=Location&pinText=Parndana,+Locb |website=Location SA Map Viewer|publisher=South Australian Government|accessdate=21 January 2019}} 2. ^{{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC41104 |name=Parndana (State Suburb)|accessdate=21 January 2019|quick=on}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=McEwin |first1= A. Lyell| title= TOWN OF PARNDANA |journal=The South Australian Government Gazette |date= 26 July 1951 |page= 174 |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1951/32/174.pdf |accessdate=18 January 2017 |publisher=Government of South Australia}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal|last1= Kentish |first1 = P.M. |title= GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ACT 1991, Notice to Assign Boundaries and Names to Places (in the Kangaroo Island Council) |journal=The South Australian Government Gazette |date= 16 May 2002 |page= 1887 |url=http://governmentgazette.sa.gov.au/sites/default/files/public/documents/gazette/2002/May/2002_060.pdf |accessdate=21 January 2019 |publisher=Government of South Australia}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|title= Postcode for Parndana, South Australia (Postcode) |url= http://www.postcodes-australia.com/areas/sa/kangaroo+island/parndana |publisher= postcodes-australia.com |accessdate=18 January 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island SA Government region|url= http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/21612/Fleurieu_Kangaroo_Island_SA_Government_region.pdf |publisher=The Government of South Australia|accessdate=9 September 2016}} 7. ^{{cite map |url=http://edbc.sa.gov.au/redistributions/2016/2016-electoral-district-maps/mawson-map-2016-pdf/download.html |title=Mawson |publisher=Electoral District Boundaries Commission |date=2016 |accessdate=2 March 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Federal electoral division of Mayo, boundary gazetted 16 December 2011|url=http://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/sa/files/2011/2011-aec-a4-map-sa-mayo.pdf |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|accessdate=2 August 2015}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Monthly climate statistics: Summary statistics KINGSCOTE Aero (nearest station) |url= http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_022841.shtml |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia , Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=18 January 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theopenhouse.com.au/parndana.htm|title=The Open House - Parndana History|accessdate=2007-07-12 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070705184333/http://www.theopenhouse.com.au/parndana.htm |archivedate = 2007-07-05}} 11. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://environment.sa.gov.au/heritage/pdfs/surveys/20_century/stage_1.pdf|title=Twentieth Century Heritage Survey - Stage 1:Post Second World War (1946 -1959)|author=Susan Marsden|publisher=Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia|year=2004|accessdate=2007-07-12}} 12. ^{{cite web|last1=Croker|first1=Keith|last2=Nichols|first2=Phil|last3=Barbetti|first3=Martin|last4=Adams|first4=Norm|title=Sheep infertility from pasture legumes|url=http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/aap/sl/hea/sheepinfertfarmnote.pdf|publisher=Department of Agriculture, Western Australia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806215135/http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/aap/sl/hea/sheepinfertfarmnote.pdf|archivedate=6 August 2013 |deadurl=yes}} 13. ^{{Citation | author1=Nunn, Jean | title=Soldier settlers : war service land settlement Kangaroo Island | publication-date=1981 | publisher=Investigator Press | isbn=978-0-85864-051-1 }} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theislanderonline.com.au/story/5379466/new-contributions-to-the-parndana-soldier-settler-museum/|title=New contributions to the Parndana Soldier Settler Museum|last=The Islander|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-09-08}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.parndanafootballclub.com/club_history.php|title=Parndana Football Club History|accessdate=2007-07-12|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930145328/http://www.parndanafootballclub.com/club_history.php|archivedate=30 September 2007|df=dmy-all}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Search results for 'Parndana Agricultural Research Centre,' with the following datasets selected - 'Suburbs and Localities' and 'Gazetteer'|url=http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/|website=Location SA Map viewer|publisher=South Australian Government|accessdate=2 March 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_022814_All.shtml |title=Climate Data Online for the PARNDANA EAST RESEARCH STATION (station operated from 1954 to 1984) |publisher= Government of Australia, Bureau of Meteorology |access-date=January 14, 2018 }} External links{{commons category|Pardana, South Australia}}
4 : Kangaroo Island|Towns in South Australia|Australian soldier settlements|1951 establishments in Australia |
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