| 词条 | Dryad |
| 释义 |
| name = Dryad | AKA = | image = Dryad11.jpg | image_size = 130px | caption = The Dryad by Evelyn De Morgan. | Mythology = | Grouping = Legendary creature | Sub_Grouping = | Parents = | Country = Greece | Habitat = | Similar_creatures = Nymph, elf }} A dryad ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|r|aɪ|.|æ|d}}; {{lang-el|Δρυάδες}}, sing.: {{lang|el|Δρυάς}}) is a tree nymph or tree spirit in Greek mythology. Drys signifies "oak" in Greek, and dryads are specifically the nymphs of oak trees, but the term has come to be used for all tree nymphs in general.[1] They were normally considered to be very shy creatures except around the goddess Artemis, who was known to be a friend to most nymphs. Types{{Greek myth (nymph)}}Daphnaie{{main|Daphnaie}}These were nymphs of the laurel trees. Epimelides{{main|Epimeliad}}The Maliades, Meliades or Epimelides were nymphs of apple and other fruit trees and the protectors of sheep. The Greek word melas--from which their name derives--means both apple and sheep. Hesperides, the guardians of the golden apples were regarded as these type of dryad. Hamadryad{{main|Hamadryad}}Dryads, like all nymphs, were supernaturally long-lived and tied to their homes, but some were a step beyond most nymphs. These were the hamadryads who were an integral part of their trees, such that if the tree died, the hamadryad associated with it died as well. For these reasons, dryads and the Greek gods punished any mortals who harmed trees without first propitiating the tree-nymphs. (associated with Oak trees) Meliai{{main|Meliae}}The dryads of ash trees were called the Meliae.[1] The ash-tree sisters tended the infant Zeus in Rhea's Cretan cave. Gaea gave birth to the Meliae after being made fertile by the blood of castrated Uranus. The Epimeliad were nymphs associated with apple trees, and the Caryatids were associated with walnut trees.[1] NamesSome of the individual dryads or hamadryads are:
In popular culture
See also
ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 Graves, ch. 86.2; p. 289 Bibliography{{refbegin}}2. ^Bibliotheca 2. 1. 5 3. ^Tzetzes on Lycophron, 480 4. ^Ovid, Metamorphoses 9.330 ff 5. ^Antoninus Liberalis, Metamorphoses 32 6. ^Pausanias, Description of Greece, 8. 4. 2 7. ^Propertius, Elegies 1. 18 8. ^Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2. 92 ff : 9. ^Pausanias, Description of Greece 10. 32. 9 10. ^{{Cite encyclopedia| title=Dryad|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary|editor=J. Simpson, E. Weiner (eds)| year=1989 |edition= 2nd| location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn= 0-19-861186-2}} 11. ^{{Cite journal|jstor=20077624|title=Dryads and Flappers|author=Martha E. Cook|volume=12|year=1979|pages=18–26|journal=The Southern Literary Journal|issue=1|publisher=University of North Carolina Press}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Britzolakis|first=Christina |title=Sylvia Plath and the theatre of mourning |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000|series=Oxford English Monographs|pages=85–86|isbn=0-19-818373-9}} 13. ^Norman Donaldson, "Oliver Onions", inE.F. Bleiler, ed. Supernatural Fiction Writers. New York: Scribner's, 1985. pp.505-512. {{ISBN|0684178087}}
External links{{Commons category|Dryads}}
3 : Trees in mythology|Dryads|Roman mythology |
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