| 词条 | Pathfinder-class cruiser | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Pathfinder-class cruiser was a pair of scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Both ships participated in World War I; one ship was sunk shortly after the war began, but the other survived the war and was scrapped shortly after its end. Background and designIn 1901–02, the Admiralty developed scout cruisers to work with destroyer flotillas, leading their torpedo attacks and backing them up when attacked by other destroyers. In May 1902, it requested tenders for a design that was capable of {{convert|25|kn|lk=in}}, a protective deck, a range of {{convert|2000|nmi|lk=in}} and an armament of six quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder 18 cwt guns, eight QF 3-pounder (47 mm) guns and two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes. It accepted four of the submissions and ordered one ship from each builder in the 1902–03 Naval Programme and a repeat in the following year's programme.[2] The two ships from Cammell Laird became the Pathfinder class. Four more 12-pounders were added to the specification in August. The ships had a length between perpendiculars of {{convert|370|ft|m|1}}, a beam of {{convert|38|ft|9|in|m|1}} and a draught of {{convert|15|ft|2|in|m|1}} at deep load. They displaced {{convert|2940|LT|t|0}} at normal load and {{convert|3240|LT|t|0|}} at deep load. Their crew consisted of 289 officers and other ranks.[3] The Pathfinder-class ships were powered by a pair of four-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by a dozen Laird-Normand boilers that exhausted into three funnels. The engines were designed to produce a total of {{convert|16500|ihp|lk=in}} which was intended to give a maximum speed of 25 knots.[4] The scout cruisers soon proved too slow for this role as newer destroyers outpaced them. The ships carried a maximum of {{convert|600|LT|t|0}} of coal.[5] The main armament of the Pathfinder class consisted of ten quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder 18-cwt guns.[6] Three guns were mounted abreast on the forecastle and the quarterdeck, with the remaining four guns positioned port and starboard amidships. They also carried eight 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.[4] The ships' protective deck armour ranged in thickness from {{convert|.375|to|1.5|in|mm|0}} and the conning tower had armour {{convert|3|in}} inches thick. They had a waterline belt {{convert|2|in|mm|0}} thick.[4] Ships
ServicePathfinder was originally to have been named Fastnet but the name was changed before construction was started.[7] She was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-21 in the approaches to the Firth of Forth on 5 August 1914, giving her the distinction of being the first warship sunk by a submarine.[8]Notes1. ^"Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun. 2. ^Friedman 2009, pp. 99–101 3. ^Friedman 2009, pp. 100, 294, 301 4. ^1 2 Chesneau & Kolesnik, pp. 84–85 5. ^Friedman 2009, pp. 101, 294 6. ^Friedman 2011, p. 112 7. ^Friedman 2009, p. 302 8. ^Goldrick, p. 142 Footnotes{{reflist|30em}}Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|Pathfinder class cruiser}}
3 : Pathfinder-class cruisers|Cruiser classes|World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom |
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