| 词条 | Patiala gharana |
| 释义 |
The Patiala Gharana ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|پٹیالہ گھرانہ }}}}), is one of the gharanas (singing schools or styles) of vocal Hindustani classical music. It was founded by Fateh Ali Khan and Ali Baksh Khan, and was initially sponsored by the Maharaja of Patiala, Punjab and was known for ghazal, thumri, and khyal styles of singing. CharacteristicsThis gharana tends to favour pentatonic ragas for their ornamentation and execution of intricate taans.[1] Ektaal and Teentaal are the most common taals chosen by members of this gharana. Besides khyal, exponents sing the Punjab-Ang thumri. The special feature of Patiala is its rendering of taans. These are very rhythmic, vakra (complicated) and firat taans, and are not bound by the rhythmic cycle. Taans with clear aakar are presented not through the throat but through the naad/naabhi (navel). This gharana has been criticized for neglecting basic raga characteristics such as the primary development octave and for overusing ornaments and graces without considering the nature and mood of the raga.[2] While singing khayal the khatka and murki are utilized, and the presentation of the khayal is embellished with bol-banav, bol-taan, sargam, meend and keeping to the laya and rhythmic cycle. Because of unique taans, gamak, gayaki of tarana style and sapat taans, this gharana can be easily differentiated from others. Exponents
References1. ^ , Patiala Gharana's history on worldsingerbook.com, Retrieved 11 Feb 2016 2. ^https://indianraga.wordpress.com/tag/patiala-gharana/, Patiala Gharana 'Profile' on Indian Raga website, published 12 June 2010, Retrieved 11 Feb 2016 3. ^http://www.dawn.com/news/301007/classical-music-has-healing-effect-on-listeners, Article on Patiala Gharana in Dawn newspaper, 'Classical music has healing effect on listeners', published 3 May 2008, Retrieved 11 Feb 2016 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=Manorama|title=Tradition of Hindustani Music|date=2006|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation|location=New Delhi|isbn=8176489999|pages=113-114,160-161|edition=2006|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=YdtqrooCo-oC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=3 August 2017}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Ganesh|first1=Deepa|title=His master's voice|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/20/stories/2003032000950100.htm|accessdate=2 August 2017|work=The Hindu|date=20 March 2003}} 3 : Classical music in Pakistan|Music schools in Pakistan|Patiala gharana |
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