“Patsy O'Connell Sherman”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sherman was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and graduated in 1948 from Minneapolis North High School.^[1] While in high school, an aptitude test indicated that Sherman would be most suited to the role of a housewife. She demanded to take the version of the test for male students, which suggested dentistry or science as potential career paths.^[2] In 1952, Sherman earned bachelor's degrees in chemistry and mathematics at Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota.^[1]

Career

At 3M

In 1952, Sherman started her career at 3M. With Samuel Smith, Sherman co-invented Scotchgard, which soon become one of the most famous and widely used stain repellent and soil removal products in North America. The invention of Scotchgard was sparked by an accident. Sherman and coworkers were initially assigned to develop a rubber that could be used for jet fuel hoses.^[3] A sample of a fluorochemical rubber was accidentally spilled on an assistant's shoe. After exhaustive attempts to remove the rubber failed, Sherman realized that the material could be used as a repellant for oil, water, and other solvents. Sherman and Smith received a patent, {{Cite patent|US|3574791}}, on April 13, 1971, for the "invention of block and graft copolymers containing water-solvatable polar groups and fluoroaliphatic groups."^[4] Sherman holds 13 patents with Smith in fluorochemical polymers and polymerization processes.^[4]

In 1974, Sherman was the first woman to be named to the Carlton Society, 3M's Hall of Fame ("for her surface energy research leading to the development of the 3M™ Scotchgard™ Fabric Protectant, and for her research in fluorochemical polymerization and synthesis of polymers").^[5] Sherman remained at 3M for several years, improving and expanding the Scotchgard line of products.^[6] She later became a laboratory manager and, in the mid-1980s, she developed the company's technical education department.^[1]

In October 2002, along with notable speakers such as Steve Wozniak (the inventor of the Apple computer), Sherman spoke at the 200th anniversary celebration of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. She was one of 37 inventors who spoke on the process of invention. She said^[7]{{cquote|You can encourage and teach young people to observe, to ask questions when unexpected things happen. You can teach yourself not to ignore the unanticipated. Just think of all the great inventions that have come through serendipity, such as Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin, and just noticing something no one conceived of before.

Advocating for women in science

Sherman was an outspoken advocate for women in science. "Girls should follow their dreams," she said. "They can do anything anybody else can do. They have many more role models today -- not the least of whom might be their mothers."^[1]

During development of the Scotchgard product in the 1950s, Sherman was required to wait for performance results outside of the textile mill during testing due to a rule at that time that banned women from the mill.^[6] At that time, there were very few female chemists; Sherman was a rarity in the corporate environment.^[8]

Recognition

See also

References

1. ^¹²³⁴{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=Patsy Sherman co-invented Scotchgard |url=http://www.startribune.com/obituaries/15596637.html?refer=y |quote=Patsy Sherman of Bloomington, a retired 3M chemist who co-invented Scotchgard when she was in her 20s, died Monday in Minneapolis. Sherman, who suffered a stroke in December, was 77. In 1953, Sherman and Samuel Smith focused on an accident in a 3M lab, after an experimental compound dripped on someone's canvas tennis shoes and couldn't be cleaned off. |newspaper=StarTribune |date= February 13, 2008 |accessdate=2012-10-13 }}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.msthalloffame.org/patsy_sherman.htm|title=Patsy O'Connell Sherman|website=www.msthalloffame.org|access-date=2016-11-02}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.invent.org/inductees/patsy-o-sherman|title=Patsy O. Sherman {{!}} The National Inventors Hall of Fame|website=www.invent.org|access-date=2018-12-18}}
4. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ahrpa/opa/kids/kidevents_press.html|title=USPTO Kids|website=www.uspto.gov}}
5. ^¹{{Cite web|url=https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/company-us/about-3m/research-development/carlton-society/|title=3M Carlton Society {{!}} 3M United States|website=www.3m.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-29}}
6. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.jadcommunications.com/newsletters/jad_jul_2005.ht|title=Mothers of Invention of the Month|work=July 2005|publisher=JAD Communications International|accessdate=4 October 2010}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://ideaflow.corante.com/archives/2002/11/12/invention_the_art_of_observation_curiosity_and_serendipity.php|title=Invention: TheArt of Observation, Curiosity and Serendipity|last=Callahan|first=Renee Hopkins|work=November 12, 2002|publisher=Corante|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708192138/http://ideaflow.corante.com/archives/2002/11/12/invention_the_art_of_observation_curiosity_and_serendipity.php|archivedate=8 July 2011|deadurl=yes|accessdate=4 October 2010|df=}}
8. ^Da Vinci Institute {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203110206/http://www.davinciinstitute.com/page.php?ID=108|date=2007-02-03}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.msthalloffame.org/patsy_sherman.htm|title=Patsy O'Connell Sherman|website=www.msthalloffame.org}}
10. ^National Inventors Hall of Fame {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706224623/http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/160.html |date=2007-07-06 }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.asee.org/activities/awards/archive/division1.cfm|title=ASEE.org|website=asee.org}}
12. ^Awards {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905134411/http://www.gustavus.edu/alumni/alumni_assoc/awards.cfm |date=2006-09-05 }}