| 词条 | Pattern Blocks | ||||
| 释义 |
Pattern Blocks are one of the mathematical manipulatives developed in the 1960s by Education Development Center as part of their Elementary Science Study project.[1] They are both a play resource and a tool for learning in mathematics, which serve to develop spatial reasoning skills that are fundamental to the learning of mathematics. Among other things, they allow children to see how shapes can be composed and decomposed into other shapes, and introduce children to ideas of tilings. Pattern blocks sets include multiple copies of just six shapes:
All the angles are multiples of 30° (1/12 of a circle): 30° (1×), 60° (2×), 90° (3×), 120° (4×), and 150° (5×). UseThe blocks were designed with their possibilites for both mathematics and play in mind. The advice given in the 1968 EDC Teacher's Guide is: "Take out the blocks, and play with them yourself. Try out some of your own ideas. Then, when you give the blocks to the children, sit back and watch what they do."[2] Christopher Danielson identifies a number of frequent features of play which occur:[3]
The EDC Teacher's Guide continues: "Many children start by making abstract designs — both symmetrical and asymmetrical. As play continues these designs may become more and more elegant and complex, or they become simple as the child refines his ideas." An example of their use is given by Meha Agrawal: "Starting from the center, I would add tier after tier of blocks to build my pattern — it was an iterative process, because if something didn't look aesthetically appealing or fit correctly, it would require peeling off a layer and reevaluating ways to fix it. The best part was the gratification I received when my creation was complete. Though individually boring, collectively these blocks produced an intricate masterpiece that brought art and math, big-picture and detail, simplicity and complexity closer together".[4] DevelopmentsA number of compatible shapes that extend pattern blocks are commercially available. Two sets of "Fractional Pattern Blocks" exist: both with two blocks.[5] The first has a pink double hexagon and a black chevron equivalent to four triangles. The second has a brown half-trapezoid and a pink half-triangle. Another set, Deci-Blocks, is made up of six shapes, equivalent to four, five, seven, eight, nine and ten triangles respectively. Christopher Danielson developed a new set of five blocks, Twenty-First Century Pattern Blocks.[6] The rhombus in this set has the same size as the blue rhombus in the traditional set. The dart and the 30°–60°–90° triangle have the same area, while the kite and the hexagon are twice that area. Like the traditional set, all the angles are multiples of 30°. Examples
References1. ^Picciotto Math Education 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Elementary Science Study |title=Teacher's guide for pattern blocks |date=1970 |url=https://books.google.fr/books?redir_esc=y&id=m1oQAQAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=ISBN |accessdate=28 November 2018}} 3. ^From the accompanying booklet to his Twenty-First Century Pattern Blocks 4. ^{{cite news|last=McFarland|first=Matt|title=The childhood toys that inspired female engineers and scientists|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/innovations/wp/2013/12/09/the-childhood-toys-that-inspired-female-engineers-and-scientists/|accessdate=10 December 2013|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=9 December 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Spark: Math Manipulatives|url=http://www.ucds.org/spark/manipulatives.html|website=www.ucds.org}} 6. ^{{cite web |last1=Danielson |first1=Christopher |title=Twenty-First Century Pattern Blocks |url=http://talkingmathwithkids.squarespace.com/store/21st-century-pattern-blocks |website=Talking Math With Your Kids |accessdate=28 November 2018}} External links
3 : Mathematics education|Mathematical manipulatives|Early childhood education materials |
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