| 词条 | Patterson River |
| 释义 |
| name = Patterson | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = Carrum Creek[1] | name_etymology = In honour of Sir James Patterson {{post-nominals|country=AUS|KCMG}}[2] | image = Patterson River Patterson Lakes.tiff | image_size = 250 | image_caption = Patterson River, near {{VICcity|Patterson Lakes}} | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Australia Victoria | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the Patterson River mouth in Victoria | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Australia | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Victoria | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = South East Coastal Plain (IBRA), Greater Melbourne | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = Local government area | subdivision_name5 = City of Kingston | length = {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | source_confluence = Dandenong Creek and Eumemmerring Creek | source_confluence_location = southwest of {{VICcity|Bangholme}} | source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|38|2|37|S|145|10|29|E|display=inline}} | source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|6|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = Beaumaris Bay, Port Phillip | mouth_location = at {{VICcity|Carrum}} | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|38|4|26|S|145|7|6|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = Port Phillip catchment | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = National park | custom_data = | extra = [1][3] }} The Patterson River is a partly man-made urban river[2] of the Port Phillip catchment, located in the south-eastern Greater Melbourne region of the Australian state of Victoria. It is the shortest river in Victoria at only 5 kilometres in length. Location and featuresFormed by the confluence of the Dandenong Creek and the Eumemmerring Creek, southwest of {{VICcity|Bangholme}} approximately {{convert|35|km}} south-east of Melbourne, the man-made Patterson River was constructed in 1878 to assist the drainage of swamplands located in what is now the suburb of {{VICcity|Carrum}}. The urban channel flows generally southwest before emptying into Beaumaris Bay, an eastern bay within Port Phillip at the river mouth, near Carrum. The waterway provides access to canals in the suburbs of Patterson Lakes, Carrum and Bonbeach; and descends {{convert|5.4|m}} over its {{convert|5|km|adj=on}} course.[3] As one of the few designated safe harbours on the city side of the bay, the Patterson River is the most popular boating gateway to Port Phillip Bay.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} The thriving canal system of the Patterson Lakes residential area and the wet and dry storage at the Patterson Lakes Marina combine with four public boat ramps to make an extremely busy waterway. The river is traversed by the Nepean Highway at Carrum, and the Mornington Peninsula Freeway at Patterson Lakes.[3] HistoryIn 1866 the Carrum Carrum Swamp was surveyed and the land between Mordialloc Creek and Keast Park in Seaford was divided into 18 allotments and sold by auction for around three pounds per acre. In 1871 the government opened it for selection. The swamp was an impediment to the settlers and there was much discussion on how to reclaim the land, the first contracts for drainage works commenced in 1873. Attempts to reclaim the lower swamplands were ineffective. In 1876 it was decided to cut a {{convert|10|m|adj=on}} wide channel to Port Phillip Bay through widening and deepening Carrum Creek. It was to be known as 'Patterson Cut' and had been named after Sir James Patterson {{post-nominals|country=AUS|KCMG}}, at the time the Victorian Minister for Public Works;[2][4] and later Premier. The suburb of Patterson Lakes was to be located in Carrum on what was originally part of the Carrum Carrum Swamp. The Carrum Carrum Swamp was drained in 1879 when the Patterson Cut (formed in 1876), and other drainage measures were undertaken to prevent flooding of the Eumemmering Creek, which overflowed into the Carrum Carrum Swamp. When the Patterson Cut was dug the area that is now occupied by Patterson Lakes was turned to farmland with mainly dairy cattle. By the late 1960s farming activities had just about ceased, and the area was popular with fox and rabbit shooters. In 1974 the first soil was turned in the preliminary stages of the development of Patterson Lakes, where sites for housing and apartments overlooking the marina and the river were identified. A canal system called the Tidal Canal and the Quiet Lakes were developed, where the Tidal Canal adjoined to the Patterson River.[5] EnvironmentIndigenous floral species include the silver wattle, lightwood, blackwood, black she-oak, river red gum, spike wattle, hedge wattle, scrub she-oak, jagged fireweed, silver top wallaby grass, Australian salt grass and the blue tussock grass. Non-indigenous floral species include the sheep's burr, angled onion, lesser joyweed, broom spurge, common swamp wallaby grass, pointed centrolepis, common spikerush and small spikerush.[6] Reptile species include the Bougainville's skink, grass skink, tree dragon, copperhead snake and tiger snake. Aquatic species include the striped marsh frog, water rat, platypus, bream, flathead, tupong, Australian salmon, leatherjacket, yelloweye mullet, silver trevally, black crab, spider crab, eel, bass yabbies, mussels and pippies. Bird species include the nankeen (rufous) night heron, white-faced heron, chestnut teal, straw-necked ibis, pacific black duck, pacific gull, silver gull, magpie-lark, Australian pelican, little pied cormmorant, royal spoonbill, masked lapwing, whiskered (marsh) tern and the caspian tern.[6] The Patterson River abounds with fish. There have been several reports{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} of illegal fishing over the last few years,{{when|date=April 2014}} however the fish always seem to fight back in this popular waterway. A number of charter companies operate from Patterson River. Bream and a few other varieties of fish can be sourced from the Tidal Canal and Patterson River systems.[6] FacilitiesAdjacent to the river, there are a number of recreational facilities, including:
GallerySee also{{stack|{{portal|Victoria}}}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://services.land.vic.gov.au/vicnames/place.html?method=edit&id=23275|title=Patterson River: 23275|work=Vicnames|publisher=Government of Victoria|date=2 May 1966|accessdate=11 April 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131325/http://services.land.vic.gov.au/vicnames/place.html?method=edit&id=23275|archivedate=13 April 2014|df=dmy-all}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://services.land.vic.gov.au/vicnames/historicalInformation.html?method=edit&id=1319|title=Patterson River: 23275: Historical information|work=Vicnames|publisher=Government of Victoria|date=5 February 1975|accessdate=11 April 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413140322/http://services.land.vic.gov.au/vicnames/historicalInformation.html?method=edit&id=1319|archivedate=13 April 2014|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&p=196768&cmd=sp|title=Map of Patterson River, VIC|work=Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia|accessdate=11 April 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/originalcarrumcowboys/history |title=Carrum - A Brief Local History |work=The Original Carrum Cowboys |publisher= |accessdate=11 April 2014 |date= |author=Ross, Carole }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://localhistory.kingston.vic.gov.au/htm/article/420.htm |title=The Beginnings of Patterson Lakes |work=Kingston historical website |publisher=City of Kingston |date=2008 |accessdate=11 April 2014 }} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://parkweb.vic.gov.au/explore/bays-rivers-and-ports/patterson |title=Patterson River |work=Parks Victoria |publisher=Government of Victoria |date= |accessdate=11 April 2014 }} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://parkweb.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/315836/Park-note-Patterson-River-Rip-Danger.pdf |format=PDF |title=Patterson River: Rip danger |work=Parks Victoria |publisher=Government of Victoria |date=February 2006 |accessdate=11 April 2014 }} External links
2 : Geography of Melbourne|Rivers of Victoria (Australia) |
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