“Pattini”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Pattini

释义

History
Rituals
Milk-mother's alms-giving
Pattini temples in Sri Lanka
See also
References
Further reading
External links

{{About||the 1997 film|Paththini (1997 film)|the 2016 film|Paththini (2016 film)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}{{Infobox deity|type=Buddhism|name=Pattini|image=Marble statue of Goddess Pattini.jpg|affiliation=Kannaki Amman|symbol=Anklet, Neem leaves|mount=Pigeon|other_names=Pattini Deviyo}}Pattini ({{Lang-si|පත්තිනි දෙවියෝ|lit=Pattiṉi Teviyō}}, {{Lang-ta|கண்ணகி அம்மன்|lit=Kaṇṇaki Am'man}}), is considered a guardian deity of Sri Lanka in Sri Lankan Buddhism and Sinhalese folklore. She is also worshipped by Sri Lankan Tamil Hindus by the name of Kannaki Amman. She is considered the patron goddess of fertility and health--particularly protection against smallpox, which is referred to as deviyange ledé ('the divine affliction') in the Sinhala language.

According to Sinhalese mythology, the Bodhisattva Pattini was incarnated as Kannagi in order to rid the Pandya kingdom of its evil three-eyed king. She was said to have been born of a mango fruit, which was cut down by the god Sakra with an arrow.

History

Goddess Pattini is the deification of Kannagi, who is the central character of the Tamil epic Silapadhikaram of Ilango Adigal, written in India after the 2nd Century CE. After a short time, it was introduced into Sri Lanka and absorbed earlier deities such as Kiri Amma ('milk mother'). Historians attribute the introduction of goddess Pattini to the island to Gajabahu I, a Sinhalese king who ruled Sri Lanka from 113 - 135 CE. As per some historians, the Silapathikaram mentions Gajabahu's presence at the consecration of a temple to Kannagi (identified as Pattini in this case) by the Chera king Senguttuvan.

Rituals

Pattini is honoured in annually fertility rites such as

Gammaduwa (village rebirth) festivals, during which her myth is enacted.
Ankeliya (horn games) in which, as in the British game of Uppies and Downies, upper and lower teams compete.
Porakeliya (fight games) during which two teams hurl coconuts at each other.

Milk-mother's alms-giving

Sinhalese people believe that diseases like chickenpox and measles are punishments by God for frailty. In such events as the goddess of healing they pray to Pattini Devi. When a family member is infected, they hold Dānas (alms-givings) for her, called Kiri-amma dāna (Milk-mother's alms-giving).

Pattini temples in Sri Lanka

Devalaya/Temple	Image	Location	District	Province	Description
Halpe Pattini Devalaya	Halpe	Badulla	Uva Province	Archaeological protected monument	^[1]
Kabulumulla Pattini Devalaya	align=center	align=center	align=center	One of the four major Pattini temples which the great 'Pattini Salamba' exists. This devale was built by King Rajasinghe I in 1582. This is situated in Colombo-Hatton Rd. 15 km from Avissawella
Lindamulla Pattini Devalaya	Lindamulla	Badulla	Uva Province	Archaeological protected monument	^[2]
Maduwa Pattini Devalaya	align=center	align=center	align=center	The festival of the Pattini Devale is held annually during July–August season.
Mahanuwara Pattini Devalaya	Kandy	Kandy	Central	Pattini Devale is located to the west of Natha Devale close to Sri Dalada Maligawa premises.
Nawagamuwa Pattini Devalaya	Nawagamuwa	Colombo	Western	As the legend unfolds King Gajabahu I of Anuradhapura (A.D. 114 - 136) came from India with 12,000 men as prisoners, bringing with him a Pattini anklet, he landed at a place close to devalaya. Devalaya was built enshrining the anklet.	^[3]^[4]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeology.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168%3Aella-halpe-pattini-devalaya&catid=51%3Asites&Itemid=99&lang=en&tmpl=component|title=Ella Halpe Pattini Devalaya|publisher=Department of Archaeology|accessdate=11 March 2018}}
2. ^{{cite journal|title=Gazette|date=8 July 2005|journal=The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka|volume=1401}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2011/04/17/fea28.asp|title=Nawagamuwa Devalaya - Dedicated to goddess Pattini|work=Sunday Observer|date=17 April 2011|accessdate=11 March 2018}}
4. ^Nawagamuwa Pattini Devalaya (Sri Sugathabimbaramaya) Retrieved 11 March 2018.

External links

Website of Kubulumulla Pattini Devalaya
Nawagamuwa Pattini Devalaya

2 : Sinhala Buddhist deities|Goddesses

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