词条 | Paula Gruden |
释义 |
| name = Paula Gruden | image = Pavla_Gruden.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = Pavla Gruden | native_name_lang = | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|2|14|df=y}} | birth_place = Ljubljana, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes | death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|1|26|1921|2|14|df=y}} | death_place = Sydney, New South Wales, Australia | resting_place = | occupation = Poet | language = English, Slovene | nationality = | citizenship = Australian | genre = Haiku }} Paula Gruden or Pavla Gruden (14 February 1921 – 26 January 2014)[1][2][3] was an Australian poet, translator, and editor of Slovene descent. Gruden was born in Ljubljana, at the time a town in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. During the Second World War she was transported to Germany for forced labor,[2][4] and then she worked in Trieste as a secretary and translator for the Allied military administration.[2] Since 1948, she lived and worked as a writer in Sydney, Australia.[4][5] She founded the literary magazine Svobodni razgovori (Free Conversations) in 1982 and served as its editor.[6] Gruden wrote in both English and her native Slovene.[6][7] Gruden also translated from Slovene and Serbo-Croatian.[8] She is known among the Slovene community and in Australian literary circles as a prolific writer of the haiku poetic form.[2][6] She was member of the Slovene Writers' Association. Gruden has been included into several anthologies, among them Antologija slovenskih pesnic (The Anthology of Slovene Woman Poets; Založba Tuma, 2004), Zbornik avstralskih slovencev (Anthology of Australian Slovenes; Slovenian-Australian Literary & Art Circle, 1988), Album slovenskih književnikov (Album of Slovene Literati; Mladinska Knjiga, 2006), Australian Made: A Multicultural Reader (University of Sydney, 2010), and Fragments from Slovene Literature: An Anthology of Slovene Literature (Slovene Writers Association, 2005). Bibliography
References1. ^Jurak, Mirko. 1990. Lipa šumi med evkalipti: izbor pesmi slovencev v Australiji. Ljubljana: Slovenska izseljenska matica, p. 103. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gruden, Paula}}2. ^1 2 3 Suša, Barbara. 2002. "Pavla Gruden." Enciklopedija Slovenije, vol. 16. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 73. 3. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/knjige/umrla-je-pavla-gruden-pesniski-glas-slovencev-v-avstraliji/328389 |title=Umrla je Pavla Gruden, pesniški glas Slovencev v Avstraliji |publisher=MMC RTV Slovenija |date=27 January 2014 |language=Slovenian |trans-title=Pavla Gruden, the Poetic Voice of the Slovenes in Australia, Dies}} 4. ^1 Kmecl, Matjaž. 1999. "Pavla Gruden." Sodobnost 38(6/7): 650. 5. ^Žitnik, Janja & Helga Glušić. 1999. Slovenska izseljenska književnost, vol. 1. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, p. 274. 6. ^1 2 Maver, Igor. 2010. "Slovenian Migrant Literature in Australia: An Overview with a Reading of the Work of Jože Žohar." Sonia Mycak and Amit Sarwal, eds. Australian Made: A Multicultural Reader, pp. 173-199. Sydney: Sydney Universoty Press, p. 176. 7. ^Žitnik, Janja. 2007. "Slovenian Emigre Literature: Ignored, Forgotten and Rediscovered." Marjan Drnovšek (ed.) Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Slovenian Migration, pp. 67–88. Ljubljana: ZRC, p. 74. 8. ^Aarons, Mark, 2001. War Criminals Welcome: Australia, a Sanctuary for Fugitive War Criminals since 1945.Melbourne: Black Inc., p. 5. 9 : 1921 births|2014 deaths|People from Ljubljana|Slovenian women poets|Slovenian editors|English-language haiku poets|Slovenian emigrants to Australia|20th-century Australian poets|20th-century Australian women writers |
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