| 词条 | Pauline Pfeiffer |
| 释义 |
| name = Pauline Pfeiffer | image = Ernest and Pauline Hemingway, Paris, 1927.jpg | caption = Ernest and Pauline Hemingway in Paris, 1927 | birth_name = Pauline Marie Pfeiffer | birth_date = {{birth date|1895|7|22}} | birth_place = Parkersburg, Iowa, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1951|10|1|1895|7|22}} | death_place = | death_cause = Acute shock | education = Visitation Academy of St. Louis University of Missouri School of Journalism (1918) | occupation = Journalist | spouse = {{marriage|Ernest Hemingway |1927|1940|end=div}} | children = Patrick Hemingway Gregory Hemingway }}Pauline Marie Pfeiffer (July 22, 1895 – October 1, 1951) was an American journalist, and the second wife of writer Ernest Hemingway.[1] Early lifePfeiffer was born in Parkersburg, Iowa to Paul, a real estate agent, and Mary Pfeiffer,[2] on July 22, 1895, moving to St. Louis in 1901, where she went to school at Visitation Academy of St. Louis. Although her family later moved to Piggott, Arkansas, Pfeiffer stayed in Missouri to study at the University of Missouri School of Journalism, graduating in 1918. After working at newspapers in Cleveland and New York, Pfeiffer switched to magazines, working for Vanity Fair and Vogue. A move to Paris for Vogue led to her meeting Hemingway and his first wife, Hadley Richardson, in 1926.[3] Marriage to HemingwayIn the spring of 1926, Hadley Richardson, the first wife of Ernest Hemingway, became aware of Hemingway's affair with Pauline,[4] and in July, Pauline joined the couple for their annual trip to Pamplona.[5] On their return to Paris, Hadley and Hemingway decided to separate, and in November, Hadley formally requested a divorce.[6] They were divorced in January 1927.[3] Hemingway married Pauline in May 1927, and they went to Le Grau-du-Roi to honeymoon.[7][8] Pauline's family was wealthy and Catholic; before the marriage Hemingway converted to Catholicism.[9] By the end of the year Pauline, who was pregnant, wanted to move back to America. John Dos Passos recommended Key West, and they left Paris in March 1928.[10] They had two sons, Patrick and Gregory. Hemingway drew upon Pfeiffer's difficult labor with one son as the basis for his character Catherine's death in A Farewell to Arms. Pfeiffer's devout Roman Catholic beliefs led to her support of the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War while Hemingway backed the Republicans.[3] In 1937, on a trip to Spain, Hemingway began an affair with Martha Gellhorn.[3] Pfeiffer and he were divorced on November 4, 1940, and he married Gellhorn three weeks later.[3] Later life and deathPfeiffer spent the rest of her life in Key West, with frequent visits to California, until her death on October 1, 1951 at age 56.[3] Her death was attributed to an acute state of shock related to her son Gregory's arrest and a subsequent phone call from Ernest. Gregory, who had experienced gender identity issues for most of his life,[11] had been arrested as a male caught entering the women's restroom in a movie theater. Years later, after he had become a medical doctor, Gregory interpreted his mother's autopsy report as indicating that Pauline had died due to a pheochromocytoma tumor on one of her adrenal glands. His theory was that the phone call from Ernest had caused the tumor to secrete excessive adrenaline, and then stop, the resultant change in blood pressure causing her to go into the acute shock that caused her death.[12] References1. ^Harris, Peggy (Associated Press) (30 July 2000). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=akogAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IqYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3676,5332198&dq= Ernest Hemingway Museum Popular in Quiet Farm Town], The Tuscaloosa News, Retrieved November 4, 2010 2. ^1900 United States Federal Census 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 Kert, Bernice, The Hemingway Women: Those Who Loved Him – the Wives and Others, W.W. Norton & Co., New York, 1983. 4. ^Baker (1972), 43 5. ^Mellow (1992), 333 6. ^Mellow (1992), 338–340 7. ^Meyers (1985), 172 8. ^Mellow (1992), 348–353 9. ^Mellow (1992, 294 10. ^Meyers (1985), 204} 11. ^Miami Herald: Carol Rabin Miller, "Gender of Hemingway's son at center of feud," September 22, 2003. Accessed June 27, 2011 12. ^{{cite web | title=Gloria Hemingway (1931 - 2001) writer, doctor.| url=http://zagria.blogspot.com/2011/11/gloria-hemingway-1931-2001-writer.html}} Sources{{refbegin}}
External links{{Commons category}}
10 : 1895 births|1951 deaths|American Roman Catholics|Hemingway family|Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery|People from Parkersburg, Iowa|People from Piggott, Arkansas|University of Missouri School of Journalism alumni|Catholics from Iowa|Catholics from Arkansas |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。