词条 | A. C. Benson |
释义 |
Arthur Christopher Benson (24 April 1862 – 17 June 1925) was an English essayist, poet, author and academic[1] and the 28th Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge. He is noted for writing the words of the song "Land of Hope and Glory". Early life and familyBenson was born on 24 April 1862 at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was one of six children of Edward White Benson (1829-1896; Archbishop of Canterbury 1882–96; the first headmaster of the college) and his wife Mary Sidgwick Benson, sister of the philosopher Henry Sidgwick. Benson was born into a literary family; his brothers included Edward Frederic Benson, best remembered for his Mapp and Lucia novels, and Robert Hugh Benson, a priest of the Church of England before converting to Roman Catholicism, who wrote many popular novels. Their sister, Margaret Benson, was an artist, author, and amateur Egyptologist. The Benson family was exceptionally accomplished, but their history was somewhat tragic: a son and daughter died young; and another daughter, as well as Arthur himself, suffered from a mental condition that was possibly bipolar disorder[2] or manic-depressive psychosis, which they had inherited from their father. None of the children married.[3] Despite his illness, Arthur was a distinguished academic and a prolific author. From the ages of 10 to 21, he lived in cathedral closes, first at Lincoln where his father was Chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral, and then at Truro where his father was the first Bishop of Truro. He retained a love of church music and ceremony. In 1874 he won a scholarship to Eton from Temple Grove School, a preparatory school in East Sheen. In 1881 he went up to King's College, Cambridge, where he was a scholar (King's College had closed scholarships for which only Etonians were eligible) and achieved first class honours in the Classical tripos in 1884.[4] CareerFrom 1885 to 1903 he taught at Eton, but returned to Cambridge in 1904 as a Fellow of Magdalene College to lecture in English Literature. He became president of the college (the Master's deputy) in 1912, and he was Master of Magdalene (head of the college) from December 1915 until his death in 1925. From 1906, he was a governor of Gresham's School.[5] The modern development of Magdalene was shaped by Benson.[4] He was a generous benefactor to the college, with a significant impact on the modern appearance of the college grounds; at least twenty inscriptions around the college refer to him.[6] In 1930, Benson Court was constructed and named after him.[7] He collaborated with Lord Esher in editing the correspondence of Queen Victoria (1907).[8] His poems and volumes of essays, such as From a College Window and The Upton Letters (essays in the form of letters) were famous in his time; and he left one of the longest diaries ever written: some four million words. Extracts from the diaries are printed in Edwardian Excursions. From the Diaries of A. C. Benson, 1898–1904, ed. David Newsome, London: John Murray, 1981. His literary criticisms of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Edward FitzGerald, Walter Pater and John Ruskin rank among his best work. Today, he is best remembered as the author of one of Britain's best-known patriotic songs, Land of Hope and Glory, written for the coronation of King Edward VII. Like his brothers Edward Frederic (E. F.) and Robert Hugh (R. H.), A. C. Benson was noted as an author of ghost stories. The bulk of his published ghost stories in the two volumes The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories (1903) and The Isles of Sunset (1904) were written for his pupils as moral allegories. After Arthur's death, Fred Benson found a collection of unpublished ghost stories. He included two of them in a book, Basil Netherby (1927); the title story was renamed "House at Treheale" and the volume was completed by the long "The Uttermost Farthing";[9] the fate of the rest of the stories is unknown. Paul the Minstrel and Other Stories (1911; reprint 1977) collects the contents of The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories and The Isles of Sunset.[10] Nine of Arthur's ghost stories are included in David Stuart Davies (ed), The Temple of Death: The Ghost Stories of A. C. & R. H. Benson (Wordsworth, 2007), together with seven by his brother R. H. Benson, while nine of Arthur's and ten of Robert's are included in Ghosts in the House (Ash-Tree, 1996); the contents of the joint collections are similar but not identical. ViewsIn The Schoolmaster, Benson summarised his views on education based on his 18-year experience at Eton. He criticised the tendency, which he wrote was prevalent in English public schools at the time, to "make the boys good and to make them healthy" to the detriment of their intellectual development.[11] A Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, he founded the Benson Medal in 1916, to be awarded "in respect of meritorious works in poetry, fiction, history and belles lettres".[12] DeathHe died at the Master's Lodge at Magdalene and was buried at St Giles's Cemetery in Cambridge. A cousin, James Bethune-Baker, is also buried in the cemetery. Critical receptionHorror critic R. S. Hadji included Benson's Basil Netherby on his list of "unjustly neglected" horror books.[13] Works
Reviews of Benson’s poetry
References1. ^{{cite journal|title=Benson, Arthur Christopher|journal=Who's Who|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=136|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA136}} 2. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2011/07/the-gay-lambeth-way/ |first=Jane |last=Ridley |title=The gay Lambeth way" (review of Rodney Bolt, As Good as God, as Clever as the Devil: The Impossible Life of Mary Benson) |work=The Spectator |date=9 July 2011}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web |url= https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/html/1807/4350/poet374.html |title= Selected Poetry of Arthur Christopher Benson, 1862 – 1925 |work= Representative Poetry Online |publisher= University of Toronto |df=dmy }} 4. ^1 {{acad|id=BN881AC|name=Benson, Arthur Christopher}} 5. ^The Times newspaper, 22 October 1906, p. 6, col. C. 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.magd.cam.ac.uk/about/history/twentieth.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040301085336/http://www.magd.cam.ac.uk/about/history/twentieth.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=1 March 2004|title=Twentieth Century|publisher=Magdalene College|accessdate=14 September 2014}} 7. ^The colleges and halls - Magdalene - British History Online. Retrieved 30 March 2010. 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Yvonne M.|title=Censoring Queen Victoria: how two gentlemen edited a queen and created an icon|date=2014|publisher=Oneworld|isbn=9781780743639}} 9. ^Mike Ashley, "The Essential Writers: Blood Brothers" (Profile of E. F., A. C. and R. H. Benson). Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone Magazine (pp. 63-70). May/June 1984. 10. ^Jack Sullivan (ed.), The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural. NY: Viking Penguin, 1986, p. 30. 11. ^{{cite book |last=Benson |first=A.C. |origyear=1902 |title=The Schoolmaster |date=2011 |location= |publisher=Peridot Press |isbn=978-1-908095-30-5 |chapter=Chapter 6, Intellect |page=29}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rslit.org/content/benson |title=The Benson Medal |publisher=The Royal Society of Literature |accessdate=11 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405221013/http://www.rslit.org/content/benson |archivedate=5 April 2010 }} 13. ^R.S. Hadji, "13 Neglected Masterpieces of the Macabre", in Rod Serling's The Twilight Zone Magazine, July–August 1983 . TZ Publications, Inc. (p. 62) 14. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xIswAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Men of Might: Studies of Great Characters|date= 1899|publisher=Arnold|via=Google Books}} 15. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OfM-AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Le Cahier Jaune: Poems|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1892|publisher=G. New|via=Google Books}} 16. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=3w4XAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Genealogy%20of%20the%20family%20of%20Benson#v=onepage&q=Genealogy%20of%20the%20family%20of%20Benson&f=false|title=Genealogy of the Family of Benson of Banger House and Northwoods, in the Parish of Ripon and Chapelry of Pateley Bridge|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1894|publisher=New|via=Google Books}} 17. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8_I-AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Lyrics|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1895|publisher=John Lane|via=Google Books}} 18. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=wPI_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5&dq=%22Ode%20in%20Memory%20of%20the%20Rt.%20Honble.%20William%20Ewart%20Gladstone%20%22#v=onepage&q=%22Ode%20in%20Memory%20of%20the%20Rt.%20Honble.%20William%20Ewart%20Gladstone%20%22&f=false|title=Ode in Memory of the Rt. Honble. William Ewart Gladstone|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1898|publisher=R. Ingalton Drake|via=Google Books}} 19. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hwilqf|title=Thomas Gray,|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1895|publisher=Eton}} 20. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044086675808|title=Essays|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1896|publisher=New York}} 21. ^{{cite journal|title=Review of Fasti Etonenses by A. C. Benson & A History of Eton College by Lionel Cust|journal=The Athenæum|date=6 January 1900|issue=3767|pages=8–9|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101077276531;view=1up;seq=18}} 22. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_oMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Professor: And Other Poems|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1900|publisher=John Lane|via=Google Books}} 23. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eb4KAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Schoolmaster: A Commentary Upon the Aims and Methods of an Assistant-master in a Public School|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1908|publisher=Putnam|via=Google Books}} 24. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.39000002156706|title=The Hill of Trouble and Other Stories|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1903|publisher=London }} 25. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JhQMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Isles of Sunset|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1905|publisher=Ibister|via=Google Books}} 26. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J40qAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Peace: And Other Poems|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1905|publisher=J. Lane|via=Google Books}} 27. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RMAOAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The%20Gate%20of%20Death:%20A%20Diary#v=onepage&q=The%20Gate%20of%20Death:%20A%20Diary&f=false|title=The Gate of Death: A Diary ..|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1906|publisher=G. P. Putnam's sons|via=Google Books}} 28. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/w/captcha/question/|title=Project Gutenberg|publisher=}} 29. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101066385236|title=Rossetti |first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1906|publisher=S. Chand & Co. }} 30. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=RBAOAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=A.%20C.%20Benson%20%20Walter%20Pater#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Walter Pater|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1906|publisher=Macmillan|via=Google Books}} 31. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ReckAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Thread of Gold|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1907|publisher=Murray|via=Google Books}} 32. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=4EclAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=The%20House%20of%20Quiet:%20an%20Autobiography#v=onepage&q=The%20House%20of%20Quiet:%20an%20Autobiography&f=false|title=The House of Quiet: An Autobiography|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1907|publisher=E. P. Dutton|via=Google Books}} 33. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I3MlAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Beside Still Waters|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1908|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons|via=Google Books}} 34. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3742961|title=Alfred Tennyson|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1907|publisher=E. P. Dutton & Co.|location=New York}} 35. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7fq9th3h|title=Until the Evening|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.|location=New York|date=1909}} 36. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_o-AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Poems of A. C. Benson ...|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1909|publisher=J. Lane|via=Google Books}} 37. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=53MlAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Child of the Dawn|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1912|publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons|via=Google Books}} 38. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t5k93398t|title=The Leaves of the Tree; Studies in Biography|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co.|location=London|date=1911 }} 39. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112074811271|title=Ruskin: A Study in Personality |first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons|location=New York |date=1911}} 40. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951002171032u|title=The Letters of Queen Victoria, a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1837 and 1861, published by authority of His Majesty the king; Vol. I 1837–1843|first=|last=Victoria|date=1907|publisher=John Murray|location=London }} 41. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hx3v5u|title=The Letters of Queen Victoria, a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1837 and 1861, published by authority of His Majesty the king; Vol. II 1844–1853|first=|last=Victoria|date=1907|publisher=Longmans, Green & Co.| location=New York }} 42. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435028626158|title=The Letters of Queen Victoria, a selection from Her Majesty's correspondence between the years 1837 and 1861, published by authority of His Majesty the king; Vol. III 1854–1861|first=|last=Victoria|date= 1907|publisher=John Murray|location=London }} 43. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t6154n414|title=Thy Rod and Thy Staff|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1912|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co.|location=London }} 44. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.39000002953664|title=The Beauty of Life: being selections from the writings of Arthur Christopher Benson |first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|location=London, New York, Toronto |date=1912}} 45. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b682860|title=Joyous Gard|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1913|publisher=G.P. Putnam's|location=New York and London }} 46. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b682863|title=The Silent Isle|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1910|publisher=Smith, Elder & co.|location=London }} 47. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/pst.000006729585|title=Along the Road |first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1913|publisher=James Nisbet & Co.|location=London }} 48. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000118996788|title=The Orchard Pavilion|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1914|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons|location=New York and London }} 49. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044090316472|title=Escape, and Other Essays|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1915|publisher=The Century Co.|location=New York}} 50. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b4078800|title=Meanwhile; A Packet of War Letters |first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1916|publisher=John Murray|location=London }} 51. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=tY0lAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Father%20Payne#v=onepage&q=Father%20Payne&f=false|title=Father Payne|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1917|publisher=Putnam|via=Google Books}} 52. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=b1ErAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Life%20and%20Letters%20of%20Maggie%20Benson#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Life and Letters of Maggie Benson|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1917|publisher=J. Murray|via=Google Books}} 53. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Jo0qAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Watersprings#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Watersprings|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date=1913|publisher=Smith, Elder|via=Google Books}} 54. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=UzxWAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hugh:%20Memoirs%20of%20a%20Brother#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Hugh: Memoirs of a Brother|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1915|publisher=Longmans, Green|via=Google Books}} 55. ^{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/reedofpanenglish00bensuoft#page/n0/mode/2up|author=Benson, A. C.|title=The Reed of Pan; English renderings of Greek epigrams and lyrics|publisher=}} 56. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b279316|title=Magdalene College, Cambridge; A little view of its buildings and history|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1923|publisher=Bowes & Bowes|location=Cambridge,}} 57. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=5tY-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Edward%20Fitzgerald#v=onepage&q=Edward%20Fitzgerald&f=false|title=Edward Fitzgerald|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1905|publisher=Macmillan|via=Google Books}} 58. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b682947|title=The House of Menerdue |first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|date= 1925|publisher=William Heinemann|location=London }} 59. ^{{cite book|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b682862|title=Rambles and Reflections|first=Arthur Christopher|last=Benson|publisher=John Murray|location=London}} 60. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=VKg5AAAAMAAJ&vq=Benson|title=The Sewanee Review|date= 1906|publisher=University of the South|via=Google Books}} 61. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AMoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Speaker|date= 1897|publisher=|via=Google Books}} 62. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-DgZAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Literary World|date= 1893|publisher=|via=Google Books}}
External links{{wikiquote}}{{Commons category|A. C. Benson}}
| title = Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge | years = 1915–1925 | before = Stuart Alexander Donaldson | after = Allen Beville Ramsay}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Benson, Arthur Christopher}} 20 : 1862 births|1925 deaths|People educated at Eton College|Alumni of King's College, Cambridge|Masters of Magdalene College, Cambridge|Anglican writers|English diarists|English essayists|English horror writers|Ghost story writers|LGBT writers from England|Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature|LGBT poets|People educated at Temple Grove School|British male essayists|English male poets|Councillors in Cambridgeshire|Benson family (England)|English male non-fiction writers|People with bipolar disorder |
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