| 词条 | Payara |
| 释义 |
| name = Payara | image = F de Castelnau-poissonsPl39.jpg | image_caption = Hydrolycus scomberoides (lower illustration) and Rhaphiodon vulpinus (upper illustration) | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Actinopterygii | ordo = Characiformes | familia = Cynodontidae | genus = Hydrolycus | species = H. scomberoides | binomial = Hydrolycus scomberoides | binomial_authority = (G. Cuvier, 1819)[1] }} The payara, Hydrolycus scomberoides, is a species of dogtooth tetra. This predatory fish is found in the Amazon Basin in tropical South America.[2][3] It was the first of four species to be described in the genus Hydrolycus.[4] DescriptionThe most noticeable feature of H. scomberoides is the two long fangs protruding from its lower jaw. These are used to puncture prey swim bladder rendering mostly smaller fish unable to escape.[3] It typically reaches a standard length of about {{convert|30|cm|ft|abbr=on|1}},[3][4][5] but can reach up to {{convert|51|cm|ft|abbr=on|1}}.[6] There are reports of far larger individuals, up to {{convert|1.17|m|ft|abbr=on}} in total length and {{convert|17.8|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in weight, based on records by IGFA,[2] but this likely involves confusion with the related H. armatus.[3][4] H. scomberoides is overall silvery with a dark spot behind the opercle and another at the lower base of the pectoral fin. In adults the tail is dusky on the basal half, turning paler (more transparent) towards the tip.[4][7]In the aquariumThe payara, which is also sold as the saber tooth barracuda, vampire fish, vampire tetra, or saber tusk barracuda, is a popular species for large, aggressive aquariums. It requires a large aquarium and can only be mixed with relatively large species, as smaller will be seen as potential prey.[3] References1. ^{{ITIS |id=639859 |taxon=Hydrolycus scomberoides |accessdate=19 October 2017}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q737277}}2. ^1 {{FishBase|genus=Hydrolycus|species=scomberoides|year=2005|month=10}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 SeriouslyFish: Hydrolycus scomberoides. Retrieved 31 October 2015. 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | authors=Toledo-Piza, M.; N.A. Menezes; and G.M. Santos | year=1999 | title=Revision of the Neotropical fish genus Hydrolycus (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Cynodontidae) with the description of two new species | journal=Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters | volume=10 | issue=3 | pages=255–280 }} 5. ^{{cite web | title=Payara—Hydrolycus scomberoides | url=http://www.acuteangling.com/amazon-gamefish/fishing-payara/species/hydrolycus-scomberoides.html | publisher=Acute Angling | accessdate=19 October 2017 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | authors=Brambilla; Garcia-Ayala; Travassos; Carvalho; and David | year=2015 | title=Length-weight relationships of the main commercial fish species of Tucuruí reservoir (Tocantins/Araguaia basin, Brazil) | journal=Boletim do Instituto de Pesca | volume=41 | issue=3 | pages=665–670 }} 7. ^{{cite web | title=Subfamily Cynodontinae | url=https://opefe.com/hydrolycus.html | publisher=OPEFE | accessdate=19 October 2017 }} 8 : Cynodontidae|Sport fish|Fauna of the Amazon|Freshwater fish of South America|Freshwater fish of Brazil|Freshwater fish of Colombia|Fish described in 1819|Taxa named by Georges Cuvier |
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