| 词条 | Pazar, Rize |
| 释义 |
|name=Pazar |native_name = {{lang-el|Αθήνα/Athina}} {{lang-ka|ათინა/Atina}} {{lang-lzz|ათინა/Atina}} |settlement_type = Town |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Turkey}} |timezone=EET |utc_offset=+2 |map_caption =Location of Pazar, Rize within Turkey. |timezone_DST=EEST |utc_offset_DST=+3 |official_name = Pazar |image_skyline = | |image_blank_emblem = | |image_map = Rize_Turkey_Provinces_locator.jpg | subdivision_name1 = Black Sea |subdivision_type2=Province| subdivision_name2 = Rize | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Ahmet Basa | leader_party = AKP | area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}} | area_blank1_title = District | area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Rize|Pazar}} | population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Rize}} | population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Rize|Pazar|şehir}} | population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}} | population_blank1_title = District | population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Rize|Pazar|toplam}} | population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | blank1_name = Climate | blank1_info = Cfb |elevation_m = 37 |coordinates = {{coord|41|10|N|40|53|E|region:TR|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Turkey |postal_code_type=Postal code| postal_code = 53 |area_code = (0090)+ 464 |blank_info = 53|blank_name=Licence plate| }} Pazar (Laz and Georgian: ათინა, Atina; {{lang-el|Αθήνα|Athína}}) is a town and district of Rize Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey, 37 km east of the city of Rize. The town contains many inhabitants of Georgian and Laz ancestries as well as other peoples. EtymologyThe town was formerly named Atina (Αθήνα του Πόντου) and was renamed Pazar, meaning 'market', in 1928. GeographyPazar is a strip of Black Sea coast with high mountains running parallel to the coast inland. This coast has a mild climate with warm summers (22 °C in August) and cool winters (7 °C in January, it rarely snows on the coast), but very wet and humid, apart from the early summer (April–May–June) it rains heavily year round, with an average of 50 sunny days per year. The wind off the Black Sea is cold in autumn, warm and wet in summer. With all this rainfall the area is very green, and even more water is brought to the area by the many streams bringing rainwater and snowmelt down from the Black Sea mountains, including the Pazar River itself. This is a hilly district and the main economic activity is tea growing, plus some fishing, trade and light industry (tea processing) in the town of Pazar. Tea was first planted here in 1944 and there are now three factories in Pazar for processing the crop. 65% of arable land in Pazar is used for growing tea. Before tea was planted, citrus fruits and apples were grown here but this has mostly ceased now, apart from trees in family gardens, where people grow vegetables and keep poultry. There are small areas of tobacco, corn, potatoes and beans. Pazar has plenty of grazing land, including summer grazing in the high mountain pastures (yayla in Turkish) further up the Fırtına River. At even higher altitudes efforts are being made to plant trees but it is hard to put roads through and manage a forest in these steep, high mountains. Today Pazar is a market town, and the centre of the local tea trade. Fishing was once a major activity and Pazar still has a fleet of small fishing boats although this is in decline as the Black Sea becomes polluted and the traditional anchovies, flathead mullet, red mullet and other species are all in decline. Until tea was planted these districts at the far end of Turkey were all impoverished, losing generation after generation as migrant workers in Europe or Istanbul. Life is still a struggle and people still leave although now many return for the tea harvest in summer. Local handicrafts include basket-weaving and the hand-woven linen Rize bezi. As in much of rural Turkey, women traditionally cover their heads, partly out tradition, partly from practical necessity as they are outside in the wind and rain. ClimatePazar has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb. The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. {{Weather box|location = Pazar, Turkey |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan mean C = 6.7 |Feb mean C = 7.0 |Mar mean C = 8.1 |Apr mean C = 11.8 |May mean C = 15.5 |Jun mean C = 19.5 |Jul mean C = 21.7 |Aug mean C = 21.8 |Sep mean C = 19.3 |Oct mean C = 15.6 |Nov mean C = 12.2 |Dec mean C = 8.6 |year mean C = 14.0 |Jan precipitation mm = 197 |Feb precipitation mm = 144 |Mar precipitation mm = 119 |Apr precipitation mm = 84 |May precipitation mm = 80 |Jun precipitation mm = 141 |Jul precipitation mm = 121 |Aug precipitation mm = 156 |Sep precipitation mm = 201 |Oct precipitation mm = 250 |Nov precipitation mm = 217 |Dec precipitation mm = 225 |year precipitation mm = |source 1 = Climate-Data.org[1] }} History{{main|Athenae (Pontus)}}The first recorded occupation is the trading colony Αθήνα established here by the Ancient Greeks of Miletos in the 8th century BC. Along with the rest of what is now Rize Province, Athina then became part of the Roman Empire and its successors the Byzantine Empire and the Empire of Trebizond until it was brought into the Ottoman Empire by Mehmet II in 1461, although this coast was always vulnerable to pirates and threats of invaders from across the nearby Caucasus. Indeed, for two years during the First World War Atina was occupied by Russia. Places of interest
Villages
References1. ^{{cite web|url =http://en.climate-data.org/location/8544/|title = Climate: Pazar|accessdate = 14 April 2014|publisher= Climate-Data.org}} External links
3 : Populated places in Rize Province|Populated coastal places in Turkey|Districts of Rize Province |
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