| 词条 | Pema Lingpa |
| 释义 |
Pema Lingpa or Padma Lingpa ({{bo|t=པདྨ་གླིང་པ་|w=pad+ma gling pa}}, 1450–1521) was a Bhutanese saint and siddha of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. He is considered a terchen or "preeminent tertön" ({{bo|w=gter chen}}, discoverer of spiritual treasures) and is considered to be foremost of the "Five Tertön Kings" ({{bo|w=gter ston rgyal po lnga}}). In the history of the Nyingma school in Bhutan, Pema Lingpa is second only in importance to Padmasambhava. Biography{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2012}}Pema Lingpa was born in Chel, part of the central Bhutanese region of Bumthang known as the “Wheel of Dharma.” His father was Lama Döndrup Zangpo[1] of the Nyö clan, and his mother, Drogmo Pema Drolma, was bestowed with all the signs of a dakini. Their son was born among many miraculous signs. As an incarnation of the Omniscient One Drimé Ozer (Longchenpa), Pema Lingpa was extraordinary even as a child. He learned everything from reading and writing to ironwork and carpentry without receiving any instruction. On the tenth day of the first month of autumn in a Monkey Year, Padmasambhava appeared before Pema Lingpa at the holy site of Yigé Drukma, blessed him, and placed in his hands an inventory of one hundred and eight major termas to be revealed. However, due to the karmic disposition of beings at that time, during his lifetime Pema Lingpa revealed only about half of the prophesied treasures. Nevertheless, the revealed treasures of Pema Lingpa contain the essence of all 108 treasures, which are summarized in the cycles of the three heart practices transmitted to Princess Pemasel by Guru Rinpoche: The Lama Jewel Ocean, The Union of Samantabhadra's Intentions, and The Great Compassionate One: The Lamp That Illuminates Darkness. One well-known story of Pema Lingpa tells of his diving with a burning butter lamp into the Burning Lake in the Bumthang District of Bhutan. He told onlookers that if he was a false spirit his lamp would be extinguished. Disappearing into the bottom of the gorge and feared drowned, he emerged from the water with a statue the size of a fist and a treasure casket tucked under one arm, and the butter lamp still burning in the other.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} Pema Lingpa was highly regarded by all four of the principal schools of Tibetan Buddhism. He spent his life revealing the precious treasures of Padmasambhava, giving empowerments and teachings, meditating in isolated locations, building and restoring monasteries, and establishing a tradition that endures to this day. Moreover, Pema Lingpa prophesied that in the future he would return as Longsal Nyingpo in the pure land of Pemako, and that those connected with him would be reborn in Pemakö as his students.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} He married twice. His first wife was Yum Tima (alias Sithar) and his second wife was Yum Bumdren.[2] Notable descendants of Pema Lingpa include the House of Wangchuck[3] and the 6th Dalai Lama.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} The Pema Lingpa lineage of empowerments, transmissions and guidance continues today through the three lines of the Body, Speech, and Mind emanations of Pema Lingpa: the Gangteng, Sungtrul, and Tukse Rinpoches, all of whom traditionally reside in Bhutan.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} Emanation lineagesTraditionally, there are three main emanation lineages of Padma Lingpa recognized:
They are known as "Peling Yab-sey-sum" meaning incarnations of Father, son and grandson, who are considered to be the combined body and activity incarnations. However mistakenly many refer to three of them as incarnations of speech, mind and body. .[4] Peling Sungtrul incarnationsThe incarnations are:[5]
Peling Tukse incarnationsThe incarnations are:[7]
Peling Gyalse (Gangteng Tulku) incarnationsThe incarnations are:[8]
Family lineagesPema Lingpa's family line grew into a pre-eminent class of religious elites, known as Choje, who were pre-dominant in the Bhutanese religious and political sphere. The House of Wangchuck claims direct descent from Pema Lingpa, as do many other Himalayan religious elites.[9] Tamzhing ChöjeThis Chöje family, with its main seat at Tamzhing Monastery, began with Pema Lingpa's son, Drakpa Gyalpo, who died without leaving an heir. The family line continued through Pema Lingpa's youngest son, Sangda. Prakhar ZhalnoSee also
References1. ^[https://www.royalark.net/Bhutan/bhutan2.htm Royal Ark] 2. ^Bhutan studies 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/project/0ED43A32-BCAC-4DC1-ACB2-3EE17AAA098F| title=The Historical Study and Documentation of the Pad gling traditions in Bhutan|website=Research Councils UK}} 4. ^Gangteng (2008) p.15 (English) 5. ^Harding (2003) p. 138 6. ^H.E Lhalung Sungtrul Rinpoche 7. ^Harding 2003 pp.138–39 8. ^Harding 2003 p.139-140 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/project/0ED43A32-BCAC-4DC1-ACB2-3EE17AAA098F| title=The Historical Study and Documentation of the Pad gling traditions in Bhutan|website=Research Councils UK}} Bibliography{{Empty section|date=June 2015}}Sources
| last = Aris | first = Michael | authorlink = Michael Aris | title = Hidden Treasures and Secret Lives: A Study of Pemalingpa (1450- 1521) and the Sixth Dalai Lama (1683-1706) | publisher = Keagan Paul | year = 1988 | location = London | isbn = 0-7103-0328-9}}
| year = 2008 | location = Bhutan |isbn= }}
| last = Harding | first = Sarah | authorlink = Sarah Harding (lama) | title = The Life and Revelations of Pema Lingpa | publisher = Snow Lion | year = 2003 | location = Ithaca, NY | isbn = 1-55939-194-4}}
| author = Karma Phuntsho | authorlink = Karma Phuntsho | title = The History of Bhutan | publisher = Random House India | year = 2013 | location = Nodia | isbn = 9788184003116}}
External links{{commons}}
{{Authority control}}{{Contains Indic text}}{{Buddhism topics}} 11 : 1450 births|Date of birth unknown|1521 deaths|Date of death unknown|Place of death missing|Nyingma|Tertöns|Bhutanese lamas|House of Wangchuck|15th-century Lamas|16th-century Lamas |
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