| 词条 | Penion sulcatus |
| 释义 |
| name = Penion sulcatus | fossil_range = Early Pliocene to Recent, {{fossilrange|5.3|0.0}} | image = Penion_sulcatus_(base).JPG | image_caption = Dorsal view of a shell of Penion sulcatus | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Mollusca | classis = Gastropoda | unranked_superfamilia = clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Neogastropoda | superfamilia = Buccinoidea | familia = Buccinidae | genus = Penion | species = P. sulcatus | binomial = Penion sulcatus | binomial_authority = (Lamarck, 1816) | synonyms = Fusus sulcatus Lamarck, 1816 Fusus zelandicus Quoy and Gaimard, 1833 Fusus adustus Philippi, 1845 }} Penion sulcatus is a species of medium-to-large predatory marine snail or whelk, commonly called the northern siphon whelk or kākara nui in Māori, belonging to the true whelk family Buccinidae. DescriptionPenion sulcatus is a medium-to-large species of Penion siphon whelk.[1][2] Shells are highly variable in sculpture and colouration, but shells are often dark with a white aperture.[3]Penion sulcatus is a carnivore and is known to feed on mussels and Dosina zelandica zelandica.[3]DistributionPenion sulcatus is endemic to New Zealand.[1][2][4] The species is found of the entire North Island and northern South Island coasts.[2][4] The species has an abundant fossil record in the North Island of New Zealand.[5]P. sulcatus is benthic and is common on soft-sediments on the continental shelf [6] or within the subtidal rocky shore environment.[3][2]Human useShells found in middens of historic Māori settlements indicate that P. sulcatus may have been intentionally foraged as a food-source.[7][8] References1. ^1 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |doi=10.1080/13235818.2017.1279474 |title=Geometric morphometric analysis reveals that the shells of male and female siphon whelks Penion chathamensis are the same size and shape |journal=Molluscan Research|volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=194–201 |year=2017 |last1=Vaux |first1=Felix |last2=Crampton |first2=James S. |last3=Marshall |first3=Bruce A. |last4=Trewick |first4=Steven A. |last5=Morgan-Richards |first5=Mary }} 3. ^1 2 Willan, R.C., de C. Cook, S., Spencer, H.G., Creese, R.G., O’Shea, S., Jackson, G.D. Phylum Mollusca. In: de C. Cook, S.C. (eds.), New Zealand Coastal Marine Invertebrates 1, 406 – 407. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, New Zealand {{ISBN|978-1877257-60-5}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.018 |title=A phylogeny of Southern Hemisphere whelks (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae) and concordance with the fossil record |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=114 |issue=2017 |pages=367–381 |year=2017 |last1=Vaux |first1=Felix |last2=Hills |first2=Simon F.K. |last3=Marshall |first3=Bruce A. |last4=Trewick |first4=Steven A. |last5=Morgan-Richards |first5=Mary }} 5. ^Beu, A.G. and Maxwell, P.A. 1990. Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin, 58. 6. ^Dell, R.K.. 1962. New Zealand Marine Provinces - do they exist? Tuatara, 10: 43 - 52. Online Copy courtesy of New Zealand Electronic Text Collection 7. ^{{cite journal |title=Excavations at Orongo Bay, Gisborne |journal=The Journal of the Polynesian Society|volume=69 |issue=4 |pages=332-353 |year=1960 |last1=Green |first1=R.C. |last2=Pullar |first2=W.A.}} 8. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2011.09.013 |title=Molluscan foraging efficiency and patterns of mobility amongst foraging agriculturalists: a case study from northern New Zealand |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science|volume=39 |issue=2012 |pages=295-307 |year=2012 |last1=Allen |first1=Melinda S. }} External links
4 : Buccinidae|Gastropods of New Zealand|Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Gastropods described in 1816 |
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