词条 | Peruvian Americans |
释义 |
| image = | pop = 646,395[1] 0.20% of the U.S. population (2015)[1] | popplace = {{flatlist|
}} | langs = {{hlist|American English | Peruvian Spanish}} | rels = {{hlist|Major Roman Catholicism }} | group = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | related_groups = }}{{Latinos in the United States|right}} Peruvian Americans ({{lang-es|peruano americanos}}) are Americans of Peruvian descent. Among Peruvian Americans there are those of White (mostly Spanish), mestizo, Amerindian, and Afro-Peruvian descent, as well as others, including Italian, French, German, and Arab, or a mix of any of these. A significant number are of entirely or partial Chinese and/or Japanese heritage. Peruvians have emigrated mainly due to political turmoil and economic hardships the country had faced during the 1980s. Peruvian Americans are a relatively recent ethnic group, as most of them have moved to the United States since 1990 {{cn|date=March 2018}} According to the U.S. Census Bureau 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, {{as of|2016|alt = as of 2016}}, 627,538 U.S. residents identify themselves as being of Peruvian origin.[6] HistorySmall but significant waves of immigration occurred in San Francisco during the gold rush (along with Chilean miners beginning in 1848) and the Metro Detroit area in the 1950s. However, the majority of Peruvians that have emigrated to the United States have arrived since the 90s. Peruvians typically emigrate due to economic reasons, to escape poverty and pursue a better quality of life. Significant demographics of Peruvians are found in Northern New Jersey,[7][8] the New York City Metropolitan Area, Miami, the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area, and Los Angeles. CultureThe most famous and first aspect of Peruvian culture that deals with the United States is the book, "The Incas's Florida" La Florida del Inca written at the end of sixteenth century by the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Garcilaso's book details the travels of the explorer Hernando de Soto who had participated in the Forty-Years War between the Incas and the Spanish (1531–1571) and who later came to the lands that would become the United States and that the Spanish called "Florida." The most popular dishes of Peruvian food in the U.S. include cebiche (raw fish "cooked" in lime juice), papa a la huancaina, and anticuchos y tamales. Peruvian cuisine is often recognized for being one of the most diverse and appreciated of the world's cuisines, with influences including European, Native American, and African. Since there is a sizable Chinese and Japanese minority in Peru, an Asian influence has also been deeply incorporated in Peruvian cuisine. There are Chifas, or Asian style Peruvian restaurants that serve typical Chinese or Japanese food with a Peruvian culinary influence. Inca Kola, a soda that originated in Peru, is sold in many heavily concentrated Latino areas. Socioeconomic statusDespite being a relatively recent ethnic group, the median household income for Peruvians meets the average American household income and 30% of all Peruvians over the age of 25 have college degrees,[9] exceeding the US national average of 24%. ActivismThe Peruvian American Coalition in Passaic, New Jersey[10] functions as an activist organization on behalf of the overall welfare of Peruvian Americans. DemographicsPeruvians have settled throughout the United States, migrating particularly to Northern New Jersey and the New York City Metropolitan Area, the Miami metropolitan area, the Washington Metropolitan Area, and the Los Angeles metropolitan area.[11] Notably, a rapidly growing number of Peruvian Americans, about 10,000 in 2018,[5] have established an increasingly prominent community in Paterson, New Jersey,[7] which is considered by many to be the capital of the Peruvian Diaspora in the United States,[3] partially owing to the presence of the Peruvian Consulate. Market Street, the Little Lima in downtown Paterson, is the largest Peruvian American enclave and is lined with Peruvian-owned restaurants, bakeries, delicatessens, bodegas, travel agencies, and other businesses. The Peruvian American community has expanded into Paterson's neighboring areas of Fair Lawn, Elmwood Park, Clifton, and Passaic in Northern New Jersey as well, all within the New York City Metropolitan Area. The annual Peruvian Independence Day Parade is held in Paterson.[4][12] States with highest Peruvian populationThe 10 states with the largest Peruvian population were (Source: Census 2010):[13]
The U.S. state with the smallest Peruvian population (as of 2010) was North Dakota with 78 Peruvians (less than 0.1% of state population). Percentage rankingsThe top 25 US communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Peruvian ancestry are:[14]
Notable people{{Americans}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_B03001&prodType=table|title=US Census Bureau 2015 American Community Survey B03001 1-Year Estimates HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN|website=Factfinder.census.gov|accessdate=August 12, 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|accessdate=2012-07-08}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/|title=A Brief History of Peruvian Immigration to the United States|publisher=yumimmigrantcity.com|accessdate=2013-04-03|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731004838/http://yumimmigrantcity.com/restaurants/machu-picchu/a-brief-history-of-peruvian-immigration-to-the-united-states/|archivedate=2013-07-31|df=}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/photo-galleries/photos-annual-peruvian-day-parade-in-passaic-county-1.1058031?photo=11&c=y|title=Photos: Annual Peruvian Day Parade in Passaic County. The parade makes its way down Market Street in Paterson|publisher=North Jersey Media Group|date=2014-07-27|accessdate=2014-07-27}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/passaic/paterson/2018/06/16/paterson-cheers-peru-ends-36-year-world-cup-drought/690707002/|title=In Paterson, boisterous cheers for Peru's return to the World Cup after 36 years|author=Rodrigo Torrejon|publisher=NorthJersey.com - part of the USA TODAY network|date=June 16, 2018|accessdate=June 16, 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?fpt=table|title=American FactFinder - Results|first=U.S. Census|last=Bureau|website=www.factfinder.census.gov}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/North_Jersey_Peruvians_celebrate_Perus_independence_with_a_flag_raising_in_Paterson.html?scpromo=1|title=North Jersey Peruvians celebrate Peru's independence with a flag raising in Paterson|author=Karen Sudol|publisher=North Jersey Media Group|date=2013-07-27|accessdate=2013-07-28}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/clifton/Thousands_line_the_route_for_Passaic_Countys_annual_Peruvian_parade.html|title=Tens of thousands line the route for Passaic County's annual Peruvian parade |author=Linda Moss|publisher=North Jersey Media Group|date=2013-07-28|accessdate=2013-07-29}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_S0201&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder - Results|first=U.S. Census|last=Bureau|website=factfinder2.census.gov|accessdate=4 October 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/a-new-playbook-for-hospitals-how-investors-pursue-a-financial-turnaround-1.1072991|title=A new playbook for hospitals: How investors pursue a financial turnaround|author=Lindy Washburn|publisher=North Jersey Media Group|date=2014-08-25|accessdate=2014-08-26}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|accessdate=2011-04-11}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/photo-galleries/photos-parade-celebrates-peruvian-heritage-1.1381236|title=Photos: Parade celebrates Peruvian heritage|publisher=North Jersey Media Group|date=2015-07-26|accessdate=2015-07-26}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_113_QTP10&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder - QT-P10: Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010|website=Factfinder2.census.gov|accessdate=4 October 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Peruvian.html |title=Ancestry Map of Peruvian Communities |publisher=Epodunk.com |accessdate=2008-01-26}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://movies.msn.com/celebrities/celebrity/miguel-arteta/|accessdate=April 24, 2011|title=Miguel Arteta:Overview|publisher=MSN}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.annparson.com/atala.htm|title=Scientist at Work: Anthony Atala|website=Annparson.com|accessdate=4 October 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525133531/http://www.annparson.com/atala.htm|archivedate=25 May 2017|df=}} 17. ^"While Critics Cry, He Wins", Lakeland Ledger, August 23, 1959, page 19. 18. ^Pitts, Michael R. Western Movies: A Guide to 5,105 Feature Films. McFarland, 2012. External links
3 : Hispanic and Latino American|American people of Peruvian descent|Peruvian American |
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