请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Peruvian Naval Infantry
释义

  1. History

     Founding  War of the Pacific  Modernization  Counterterrorism 

  2. Organization

  3. Equipment

     Weapons  Vehicles 

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Peruvian Naval Infantry
| native_name =Infantería de Marina del Perú
| image = Peruvian Naval Infantry Coat of Arms.png
| image_size = 130px
| alt =
| caption = Coat of Arms of the Peruvian Naval Infantry
| start_date={{Start date and age|1821|11|06}}
| country =
| countries = {{flag|Peru|size=23px}}
| allegiance =
| branch =
| type = Naval infantry
| role = Amphibious, combined arms, expeditionary, and aerial warfare
| size =
| command_structure={{Flagicon image|Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg|size=23px}} Peruvian Navy
| garrison =
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto = Acción y valor ({{Lang-en|Action and valor}})
| colors =
| colors_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| anniversaries =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| disbanded =
| flying_hours =
| website =
| current_commander =
| commander1 =
| commander1_label =
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
| commander3 =
| commander3_label =
| commander4 =
| commander4_label =
| commander5 =
| commander5_label =
| commander6 =
| commander6_label =
| commander7 =
| commander7_label =
| commander8 =
| commander8_label =
| commander9 =
| commander9_label =
| notable_commanders =
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
| identification_symbol_2_label =
| identification_symbol_3 =
| identification_symbol_3_label =
| identification_symbol_4 =
| identification_symbol_4_label =
| identification_symbol_5 =
| identification_symbol_5_label =
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_electronic =
| aircraft_fighter =
| aircraft_helicopter =
| aircraft_helicopter_attack =
| aircraft_helicopter_cargo =
| aircraft_helicopter_multirole =
| aircraft_helicopter_observation =
| aircraft_helicopter_transport =
| aircraft_helicopter_trainer =
| aircraft_helicopter_utility =
| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_recon =
| aircraft_trainer =
| aircraft_transport =
| aircraft_tanker =
| aircraft_general =
| previous =
| next =
}}

The 3,000 personnel Peruvian Naval Infantry ({{lang-es|Infantería de Marina del Perú}} - IMAP) includes an amphibious brigade of three battalions and local security units with two transport ships (one used as a training ship), four tank landing ships, and about forty Portuguese Chaimite armored personnel carriers.

Since 1982 IMAP detachments have been deployed, under Peruvian Army command, in counter-insurgency capacities in Ayacucho and Huancavelica departments. The Fuerza de Infantería de Marina (Naval Infantry Force) falls under the Comandancia General de Operaciones del Pacífico (Pacific Operations General Command).

History

Founding

Following the creation of the Peruvian Navy on 23 October 1821, the Commander General of the Navy, Jorge Martín Guise, requested a garrison of 38 troops to be stationed at Balcarce and Belgrano. The formal request was made on 6 November 1821 to the Minister of War and Navy, creating the Navy Battalion. The Navy Brigade was later formed after another battalion was formed and on 2 June 1823, the brigade attacked the Spanish in Arica, successfully taking the city. During the War of the Confederation, the Navy Brigade fought in the Siege of Talcahuano on 23 November 1837. In 1847, President Ramón Castilla reorganized the Peruvian Navy, creating six companies of the naval infantry.[1]

War of the Pacific

During the War of the Pacific, the Marine Garrison Battalion under the direction of the Commander General of the Navy was created on 10 January 1880 with a force of 600 men. The Marines participated in the Battle of Miraflores on 15 January 1881 with 524 Marines led by Juan Fanning and Guardia Chalaca. Both of the commanders were killed along with nearly all Marines, with the infamous shout of Fanning becoming a motto of the Peruvian Marines, "¡Adelante marina, marina adelante!" or "Forward Marine, Marine forward!".[1]

Modernization

The Marines were received an update on 2 February 1919 when the Battalion of the Navy was organized into two companies of riflemen, one section of machine gunners and another section of servicemen, commanded by corvette captain Héctor Mercado. The Peruvian Navy in charge of defending the oil port of Talara then allied itself with the United States, patrolling the continent and the Panama Canal. On 9 June 1943, President Manuel Prado decreed the creation of the Infantería de Marina as part of the Naval Coast Defense Force. Through the 1950s and into the 1960s, multiple amphibious warfare ships and weapons were purchased. The Naval Station of Ancon was created on October 8, 1971 with the Amphibious Command Company headquartered there a year later providing logistical information to better organize amphibious operations.[1]

Counterterrorism

{{more|Terrorism in Peru}}

Following over a decade of an authoritarian government in Peru, elections were held in 1980. Leftist armed groups arose, such as the Shining Path and later the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA). The Marines began counterterrorist operations against such groups stationed in the Ayacucho Region from 1985 to 1991, creating Task Force 90, later expanding to Ucayali, Huánuco and Loreto. In 1995, Marines also participated in the brief the Cenepa War, a brief territorial conflict with Ecuador.[1]

On 17 December 1996, hundreds of diplomats, businessmen, as well as government and military officers were taken hostage by the MRTA at the Japanese ambassadors residence, initiating the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. Over the year, some hostages were released, though 72 hostages remained. Peruvian Marines were then involved in a hostage rescue operation, Operation Chavín de Huántar, named after the Chavín de Huantar archaeological site due to the tunnels dug by troops to access the ambassadors compound. The operation resulted in two commandos and one hostage dead while all fourteen militants were killed.[1] Operation Chavín de Huánta is regarded as one of the most successful hostage rescue operations in history.[2][3][4]

Organization

Brigada de Infanteria de Marina
  • 1st Naval Infantry Battalion - Ancón
  • 2nd Naval Infantry Battalion - Ancón
  • Amphibious Support Group
  • Fire support Group
  • Commando Grouping
  • Engineers Unit
Other units
  • 3rd Naval Infantry Battalion - Tumbes
  • 4th Naval Infantry Battalion - Puno
  • 1st Jungle Naval Infantry Battalion - Iquitos
  • 2nd Jungle Naval Infantry Battalion - Pucallpa
  • Naval Infantry Detachment Litoral Sur - Mollendo
  • Special Forces Espíritus Negros and Fuerza Delta, based on the American Delta Force and US Army Rangers.

Equipment

Weapons

ModelImageCaliberOriginDetails
Pistols
Beretta 929×19mm ParabellumItaly}}Marine officer sidearm[5]
Browning Hi-Power9×19mm ParabellumBelgium}}Marine officer sidearm[5]
Assault rifles
AKM7.62×39mmUSSR}}Used by Special Operations Forces (FOES)[5]
Daewoo K25.56 × 45 mm NATOSouth Korea}}Standard issue rifle[5]
Carabina SAR-215.56 × 45 mm NATOSingapore}}Used by Marine Special Forces[13]
Carbon 155.56 × 45 mm NATOUnited States}}Used by Marine Special Forces
FN F20005.56 × 45 mm NATOBelgium}}Used by Marine Special Forces.[6]
FN FAL 50.6237.62×51mm NATOBelgium}}Standard issue rifle[5]
HK-535.56 × 45 mm NATOWest Germany}}Standard issue rifle[5]
IMI Galil SAR5.56 × 45 mm NATOIsrael}}Used by Marine Special Forces[5][7]
IMI MicroGalil5.56 × 45 mm NATOIsrael}}Standard issue rifle[13]
IMI Tavor5.56 × 45 mm NATOIsrael}}Used by Marine Special Forces[8]
M16A15.56 × 45 mm NATOUnited States}}Used by Special Operations Forces (FOES)[5]
Sub-machine guns
Heckler & Koch HK219 x 19mm ParabellumGermany}}Used by Marine Special Forces
IMI Uzi9 x 19mm ParabellumIsrael}}Used by Marine Special Forces[9]
FN P905.7 x 28 mmBelgium}}Used by Marine Special Forces[8]
MGP9 x 19mm ParabellumPeru}}Standard issue[5]
Machine guns
M607.62 × 51 mm NATOUnited States}}
FN Minimi7.62 × 51 mm NATOBelgium}}[10]
Ultimax 1005.56 × 45 mm NATOSingapore}}
Grenade launchers
Milkor MGL40 × 46mm grenadeSouth Africa}}Used as an attachment to the IMI Galil[5][11]

Vehicles

Name ImageTypeQuantityOriginDetails
Armoured vehicles
LAV‑II APC 32 Canada}} All 32 delivered to the Amphibious Expeditionary Brigade (BEA) of the Marines in mid-2016.[12]
BMR-600 APC 25 Spain}}
Bravia Chaimite APC 20 Portugal}}
Utility vehicles
Can-Am Commander Max Off-road vehicle Canada}}
RAM MK3 Armoured light vehicle 7 Israel}} Purchased in 2016[13]

See also

  • Marines
  • Peruvian Navy

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Comandancia de Fuerzas de Infanteria - Marina de Guerra del Perú|url=https://www.marina.mil.pe/page/comandanciainfanteria|website=www.marina.mil.pe|publisher=Marina de Guerra del Perú|accessdate=29 December 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.therichest.com/rich-list/most-shocking/top-10-most-daring-rescue-missions-in-history/ |title=Top 10 most daring rescue missions in history |publisher=The Richest |date= |accessdate=2016-09-22}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://exploredia.com/top-10-greatest-hostage-rescue-operations-of-all-time/ |title=Top 10 greatest hostage rescue operations of all time |publisher=Exploredia|date= |accessdate=2016-02-08}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2vZQP0LS04 |title=The World's Most Successful Hostage Rescue |publisher=youtube.com |date= |accessdate=2013-04-03}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite journal|last=Montes|first=Julio A.|date=August 2011|title=Peruvian Small Arms: Gunning for the Shining Path|url=http://sadefensejournal.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/peru.pdf|journal=Small Arms Defense Journal|volume=|pages=25-29|via=}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/ministeriodedefensaperu/35251496394/in/dateposted/|title=PLAYAS DE HUACHO FUERON ESCENARIO DE GRAN DESEMBARCO ANFIBIO EN EL MARCO DE OPERACIÓN UNITAS 2017|publisher=}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dintel-gid.com.ar/galerias/desfileperu2007.html|title=:.DintelGID. Fotografías Desfile Militar día Nacional del Perú, 2007|accessdate=5 January 2017|date=25 May 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525153530/http://www.dintel-gid.com.ar/galerias/desfileperu2007.html|archivedate=25 May 2009|df=}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://www.portierramaryaire.com/foro/viewtopic.php?f=4&p=148544|title=www.portierramaryaire.com • Ver Tema - Marina de Guerra del Perú|accessdate=4 June 2017|language=es|website=www.portierramaryaire.com}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dintel-gid.com.ar/galerias/desfileperu2007.html|title=:.DintelGID. Fotografías Desfile Militar día Nacional del Perú, 2007|accessdate=5 January 2017|date=25 May 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525153530/http://www.dintel-gid.com.ar/galerias/desfileperu2007.html|archivedate=25 May 2009|df=}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://club.mil.news.sina.com.cn/thread-12269-1-9.html###|title=轻武器大杂烩：秘鲁军队阅兵式枪的种类可真不少！_陆军版_三军论坛_军事论坛_新浪网|accessdate=5 January 2017|website=club.mil.news.sina.com.cn}}
11. ^{{Cite news|newspaper=Defensa.com|title=Reclamo a la adquisición de Armamento para las Fuerzas Especiales de la Marina de Guerra del Perú-noticia defensa.com|url=http://www.defensa.com/peru/reclamo-adquisicion-armamento-para-fuerzas-especiales-marina|date=14 February 2017|accessdate=3 June 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=GDLS culmina las entregas de LAV II a la Infantería de Marina peruana-noticia defensa.com|url=http://www.defensa.com/peru/gdls-culmina-entregas-lav-ii-infanteria-marina-peruana|website=Defensa.com|accessdate=23 July 2017|date=19 August 2016}}
13. ^{{Cite news|newspaper=Infodefensa.com|title=La Marina de Perú adquiere siete blindados RAM MK3 de IAI - Noticias Infodefensa América|url=http://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2016/01/21/noticia-marina-adquiere-siete-vehiculos-blindados-reconocimiento.html|date=21 January 2016|accessdate=3 January 2017|language=es}}

External links

  • Official Peruvian Navy Website
  • The Peruvian Navy: the XIX Century Maritime Campaigns — a series of articles covering the history of the 19th century Peruvian Navy by Juan del Campo.
  • Marine Link article with pics
{{Peruvian Armed Forces}}

2 : Peruvian Navy|Marines
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/27 5:58:26