“Peter III of Portugal”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Peter III of Portugal

释义

Early life
Reign
Marriage and issue
Ancestors
Notes
References

{{Expand Portuguese|Pedro III de Portugal|date=January 2012}}{{refimprove|date=December 2009}}{{Infobox royalty
| name = Peter III
| succession = King of Portugal
| moretext =
| image = Retrato de D. Pedro III de Portugal - oficina europeia ou portuguesa do século XVIII.png
| caption =
| reign = 24 February 1777 – {{nowrap|25 May 1786}}
| predecessor = Joseph
| successor = Maria I
| reg-type = {{nowrap|Co-monarch}}
| regent = Maria I
| spouse = Maria I of Portugal
(m. 1760)
| issue = {{ubl | Joseph, Prince of Brazil | John VI | Infanta Mariana Victoria }}
| issue-link = #Marriage and descendants
| issue-pipe = see details...
| house = Braganza
| father = John V of Portugal
| mother = Maria Anna of Austria
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1717|7|5}}
| birth_place = Lisbon, Portugal
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1786|5|25|1717|7|5}}
| death_place = Queluz, Portugal
| burial_place = Pantheon of the Braganzas
| religion = Roman Catholicism
}}Peter III (Portuguese: Pedro III)^[1] ({{IPA-pt|ˈpedɾu tɨɾ.ˈsej.ɾu}}) (5 July 1717 – 25 May 1786) became King of Portugal jure uxoris by the accession of his wife and niece Queen Maria I in 1777, and co-reigned alongside her until his death.^[2]

Early life

Pedro was born at 12:00 noon on 5 July 1717 in the Ribeira Palace in Lisbon, Portugal.{{sfn|Sousa 1741, Vol VIII|p=369}} He was baptized on 29 August and was given the name Pedro Clemente Francisco José António.{{sfn|Sousa 1741, Vol VIII|p=370}} His parents were King João V and his wife Maria Ana of Austria.{{sfn|Sousa 1741, Vol VIII|p=369}} Pedro was a younger brother of José I of Portugal. Their maternal grandparents were Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg, sister of Queen Maria Sofia of Portugal.

Reign

Pedro married his niece Maria, Princess of Brazil, in 1760, at which time she was the heiress presumptive to the throne then held by his brother José I. According to custom, Pedro thus became king of Portugal in right of his wife. They had six children, of whom the eldest surviving son succeeded Maria as João VI on her death in 1816.

Pedro made no attempt to participate in government affairs, spending his time hunting or in religious exercises.

He also defended the high nobility of Portugal, and sponsored the petitions of those accused in Távora affair, whose rehabilitation was subject of new lawsuits, in which the heirs demanded the restitution of their confiscated properties.

Peter III was moderately friendly toward the Jesuits, who had been banished from Portugal and its overseas empire in 1759, largely at the behest of the Marquis of Pombal. Peter III had taken some of his early education from the Jesuits, explaining this. His affection had little effect; Pope Clement XIV ordered the Jesuits suppressed across Europe in 1773.

Marriage and issue

The couple married on 6 June 1760. At the time of their marriage, Maria was 25 and Pedro was 42. Despite the age gap, the couple had a happy marriage. Peter automatically became co-monarch (as Pedro III of Portugal) when Maria ascended the throne, as a child had already been born from their marriage. The couple had six children and a stillborn baby.

{{Infobox Portuguese Royalty styles|left
| name = King Pedro III of Portugal
| dipstyle = His Most Faithful Majesty
| offstyle = Your Most Faithful Majesty
| altstyle = Sire
}}{{clear|left}}

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
José, Prince of Brazil	20 August 1761	11 September 1788	José Francisco Xavier de Paula Domingos António Agostinho Anastácio married Infanta Benedita of Portugal and had no issue. His death lead to his younger brother becoming heir-apparent and later king.
João de Bragança	20 October 1762	20 October 1762	João was a still born baby, born at the Ajuda National Palace.
João Francisco de Bragança	16 September 1763	10 October 1763	João Francisco de Paula Domingos António Carlos Cipriano was born at the Ajuda National Palace.
João VI	13 May 1767	10 March 1826	João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael married Carlota Joaquina of Spain and had issue. He was King of Portugal and Emperor of Brazil.
Mariana Victoria de Bragança	15 December 1768	2 November 1788	Maria Ana Vitória Josefa Francisca Xavier de Paula Antonieta Joana Domingas Gabriela married Infante Gabriel of Spain and had issue.
Maria Clementina de Bragança	9 June 1774	27 June 1776	Maria Clementina Francisca Xavier de Paula Ana Josefa Antónia Domingas Feliciana Joana Michaela Julia de Bragança was born at the Queluz National Palace.
Maria Isabel de Bragança	12 December 1776	14 January 1777	Maria Isabel was born at the Queluz National Palace.

Ancestors

{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=^[3]
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. Peter III of Portugal
|2= 2. John V of Portugal
|3= 3. Maria Anna of Austria
|4= 4. Peter II of Portugal
|5= 5. Maria Sophia of Neuburg
|6= 6. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
|7= 7. Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg
|8= 8. John IV of Portugal
|9= 9. Luisa de Guzmán
|10= 10. Philip William, Elector Palatine
|11= 11. Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
|12= 12. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
|13= 13. Maria Anna of Austria
|14= 14. Philip William, Elector Palatine (= 10)
|15= 15. Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 11)
|16= 16. Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza
|17= 17. Ana de Velasco y Girón
|18= 18. Juan Manuel de Guzmán y Silva, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia
|19= 19. Juana de Sandoval y la Cerda
|20= 20. Wolfgang William, Count Palatine of Neuburg
|21= 21. Magdalene of Bavaria
|22= 22. George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
|23= 23. Sophia Eleonore of Saxony
|24= 24. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
|25= 25. Maria Anna of Bavaria
|26= 26. Philip III of Spain
|27= 27. Margaret of Austria
|28= 28. Wolfgang William, Count Palatine of Neuburg (= 20)
|29= 29. Magdalene of Bavaria (= 21)
|30= 30. George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 22)
|31= 31. Sophia Eleonore of Saxony (= 23)
}}

Notes

1. ^Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 17 1973 Page 518 "Pedro III (1717-1786), king-consort from 1777, was born in Lisbon on July 5, 1717, the younger son of John V of Portugal. He was married in July 1760 to the daughter of his elder brother, King Joseph I."
2. ^David Birmingham A Concise History of Portugal 2003 Page 205 "Pedro III 1777-86"
3. ^{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA13|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=13}}

References

{{cite book

| last = Sousa
| first = António Caetano de
| year =
| language = Portuguese
| title = História genealógica da Casa Real portuguesa
| volume = VIII
| publisher = Silviana
| location = Lisbon
| isbn =
| ref = {{sfnRef|Sousa 1741, Vol VIII}}{{refend}}{{S-start}}{{S-hou|House of Braganza|5 July|1717|25 May|1786|House of Aviz}}{{S-reg|}}{{S-bef|before=Joseph I}}{{S-ttl|title=King of Portugal|years=24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786|regent1=Maria I}}{{S-aft|after=Maria I|as=sole monarch}}{{S-roy|pt}}{{S-bef|before=Francisco}}{{S-ttl|title=Lord of the House of the Infantado|years=5 July 1717 – 6 July 1760}}{{S-aft|after=João}}{{S-end}}{{Monarchs of Portugal}}{{Portuguese consorts}}{{House of Braganza}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Peter 03 Of Portugal}}

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