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词条 Peter Norman
释义

  1. Life and career

     Early life  1968 Summer Olympics  Later career  Treatment after 1968  Controversy over claims of ill-treatment  2012 parliamentary apology  Death 

  2. Competitive record

     International competitions  National championships 

  3. Legacy

     Recognition 

  4. References

  5. External links

{{for|the Swedish politician|Peter Norman (politician)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2011}}{{Use Australian English|date=July 2011}}{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Peter Norman
| image = Peter_Norman.jpg
| caption =
| full_name = Peter George Norman
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1942|06|15}}
| birth_place = Coburg, Victoria, Australia
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2006|10|03|1942|06|15}}
| death_place = Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| residence =
| height = {{convert|1.78|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|73|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| country = {{flag|Australia}}
| sport = Athletics
| club = East Melbourne Harriers[1]
| event = Sprint
| pb = 20.06 s (200 m, 1968)[1]
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates ={{MedalSport | Men's athletics }}{{MedalCountry| {{AUS}} }}{{MedalCompetition| Olympic Games }}{{MedalSilver| 1968 Mexico City | 200 metres }}{{MedalCompetition| British Empire and Commonwealth Games }}{{MedalBronze| 1966 Kingston | 4×110 yards relay }}
}}Peter George Norman (15 June 1942 – 3 October 2006) was an Australian track athlete. He won the silver medal in the 200 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, with a time of 20.06 seconds. This remains an Oceanian record.[2] He was a five-time national 200-metres champion.[3]

Norman is arguably best known as the third athlete pictured in a famous photograph of the 1968 Olympics Black Power salute, which occurred during the medal ceremony for the 200-metre event. He wore a badge of the Olympic Project for Human Rights in support of fellow athletes John Carlos and Tommie Smith. Norman was not selected for the 1972 Summer Olympics, and retired from the sport soon after.[4]

Life and career

Early life

Norman grew up in a devout Salvation Army family[5] living in Coburg, a suburb of Melbourne in Victoria. Initially an apprentice butcher, Norman later became a teacher, and worked for the Victorian Department of Sport and Recreation towards the end of his life.[6]

During his athletics career Norman was coached by Neville Sillitoe.[5]

1968 Summer Olympics

{{Main article|Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres|1968 Olympics Black Power salute}}

The 200 metres event at the 1968 Olympics started on 15 October and finished on 16 October; Norman won his heat in a time of 20.17 seconds, which was briefly an Olympic record.[7] He won his quarter-final and was second in the semi-final.

On the morning of 16 October, US athlete Tommie Smith won the 200-metre final with a world-record time of 19.83 seconds.[8][9] Norman finished second in a time of 20.06 s, after catching and eventually passing U.S. athlete John Carlos at the finish line. Carlos finished in third place in 20.10 s. Norman's time was his all-time personal best[1] and an Australian record that still stands.

After the race, the three athletes went to the medal podium for their medals to be presented by David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter. On the podium, during the playing of "The Star-Spangled Banner", Smith and Carlos famously joined in a Black Power salute. This salute was later described in Tommie Smith's autobiography as a Human Rights salute, not a Black Power salute.

Norman wore a badge on the podium in support of the Olympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR). After the final, Carlos and Smith had told Norman what they were planning to do during the ceremony. As journalist Martin Flanagan wrote: "They asked Norman if he believed in human rights. He said he did. They asked him if he believed in God. Norman, who came from a Salvation Army background, said he believed strongly in God. We knew that what we were going to do was far greater than any athletic feat. He said, 'I'll stand with you'. Carlos said he expected to see fear in Norman's eyes. He didn't; 'I saw love.'"[10] On the way to the medal ceremony, Norman saw the OPHR badge being worn by Paul Hoffman, a white member of the US Rowing Team, and asked him if he could wear it.[11] It was Norman who suggested that Smith and Carlos share the black gloves used in their salute, after Carlos left his pair at the Olympic Village.[4] This is the reason for Smith raising his right fist, while Carlos raised his left.

Later career

Before the 1968 Olympics, Norman was a trainer for West Brunswick Australian rules football club as a way of keeping fit over winter during the athletic circuit's off season. After 1968 he played 67 games for West Brunswick from 1972 to 1977 before coaching an under 19 team in 1978.{{cn|date=October 2018}}

In 1985, Norman contracted gangrene after tearing his Achilles tendon during a charity race, which nearly led to his leg being amputated. Depression, heavy drinking and pain killer addiction followed.[12]

Treatment after 1968

After the salute, it has been claimed that Norman's career suffered greatly. A 2012 CNN profile said that "he returned home to Australia a pariah, suffering unofficial sanction and ridicule as the Black Power salute's forgotten man. He never ran in the Olympics again."[13] He was not selected for the Olympic Games in Munich in 1972 despite turning in adequate times, and was not welcomed even three decades later at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.[14][15][16] Carlos later stated that "If we [Carlos and Smith] were getting beat up, Peter was facing an entire country and suffering alone."[15][16]

The Australian Olympic Committee maintains that Norman was not selected for the 1972 Olympics because he did not meet the selection standard which entailed an athlete equalling or bettering the Olympic qualifying standard (20.9)[17] and performing creditably at the Australian Athletics Championships.[18] Norman ran several qualifying times from 1969-1971[19] but he finished third in the 1972 Australian Athletics Championships behind Greg Lewis and Gary Eddy in a time of 21.6.[19]

Contemporary reports show mixed opinion on whether Norman should have been sent to the Munich Olympics. After coming third in the trials, Norman commented: "All I had to do was to win, even in a slow time, and I think I would have been off to Munich".[20] The Age correspondent wrote Norman "probably ran himself out of the team at the National titles"; but also noted he was injured; and continued, "If the selectors do the right thing, Norman should still be on the plane to Munich."[20] On the other hand, Australasian Amateur Athletics magazine stated "The dilemma for selectors here was how could they select Norman and not Lewis. Pity that Peter did not win because that would have been the only requirement for a Munich ticket".[21]

Controversy over claims of ill-treatment

The Australian Olympic Committee and others have disputed the claims made about Norman being ostracised for supporting Carlos and Smith. The AOC made the following comments:

  • Norman was not punished by the Australian Olympic Committee (AOC).[22] He was cautioned by Chef de Mission Judy Patching on the evening of the medal ceremony and then given as many tickets as he wanted to go and watch a hockey match.[22]
  • Norman was not selected for the 1972 Munich Olympics, as he did not meet the selection standard which entailed an athlete equalling or bettering the Olympic qualifying standard (20.9)[23] and performing creditably at the Australian Athletics Championships.[24] Norman ran several qualifying times from 1969-1971[25] but he finished third in the 1972 Australian Athletics Championships behind Greg Lewis and Gary Eddy in a time of 21.6.[19]
  • In the lead-up to the 2000 Sydney Olympics, the AOC stated "Norman was involved in numerous Olympic events in his home city of Melbourne. He announced several teams for the AOC in Melbourne and was on the stage in his Mexico 1968 blazer congratulating athletes. He was acknowledged as an Olympian and the AOC valued his contribution."[22] Due to cost considerations, the AOC did not have the resources to bring all Australian Olympians to Sydney, and Norman was offered the same chance to buy tickets as other Australian Olympians. The AOC did not believe that Norman was owed an apology.[26]

It has been stated that United States authorities invited him to participate in the 2000 Sydney Olympics after they found out he was not attending.[27] On 17 October 2003, San Jose State University unveiled a statue commemorating the 1968 Olympic protest; Norman was not included as part of the statue itself – his empty podium spot intended for others viewing the statue to "take a stand" – but was invited to deliver a speech at the ceremony.[6]

2012 parliamentary apology

In August 2012, the Australian House of Representatives debated a motion to provide a posthumous apology to Norman.[28][29][30] The chamber passed an official apology motion on 11 October 2012, which read:[31]

{{Cquote|15 PETER NORMAN

The order of the day having been read for the resumption of the debate on the motion of Dr Leigh—

That this House:

(1) recognises the extraordinary athletic achievements of the late Peter Norman, who won the silver

medal in the 200 metres sprint running event at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, in a time of 20.06

seconds, which still stands as the Australian record;

(2) acknowledges the bravery of Peter Norman in donning an Olympic Project for Human Rights

badge on the podium, in solidarity with African-American athletes Tommie Smith and John

Carlos, who gave the ‘black power’ salute;

(3) apologises to Peter Norman for the treatment he received upon his return to Australia, and the

failure to fully recognise his inspirational role before his untimely death in 2006; and

(4) belatedly recognises the powerful role that Peter Norman played in furthering racial equality.


}}

The original plan for the apology had point (3) state that the House: 'apologises to Peter Norman for the wrong done by Australia in failing to send him to the 1972 Munich Olympics, despite repeatedly qualifying'. This acknowledgement of a punitive reaction by Australia to his support of Smith and Carlos was omitted from the final apology.[32][33]

In a 2012 interview, Carlos said:[34]

{{Cquote|There's no-one in the nation of Australia that should be honoured, recognised, appreciated more than Peter Norman for his humanitarian concerns, his character, his strength and his willingness to be a sacrificial lamb for justice.}}

Death

Norman died of a heart attack on 3 October 2006 in Melbourne at the age of 64.[11] The US Track and Field Federation proclaimed 9 October 2006, the date of his funeral, as Peter Norman Day. Thirty-eight years after the three made history, both Smith and Carlos gave eulogies and were pallbearers at Norman's funeral.[6] At the time of his death, Norman was survived by his second wife, Jan, and their daughters Belinda and Emma, his first wife, Ruth, and children Gary, Sandra and Janita and four grandchildren.[5]

Competitive record

International competitions

1962Commonwealth GamesPerth, Australia6th S/F 1 ; 12/43220 yards21.8(22.03)(−2.8)
1966Commonwealth GamesKingston, Jamaica6th Q/F ; 29/54100 yards10.2(10.27)(−5.0)
6th S/F 1 ; 10/56220 yards21.2(0.0)
3rd4×110 yards40.0
5th4×440 yards3:12.2
1968Olympic GamesMexico City, Mexico2nd200 m20.0 (20.06)(+0.9)
1969Pacific Conference GamesTokyo, Japan4th100 m10.8(−0.1)
1st200 m21.0(−0.1)
1st4 × 100 m40.8
1970Commonwealth GamesEdinburgh, Scotland5th200 m20.86(+1.7)
DNF Heat1 ; 14th4 × 100 mDropped baton
[35]

National championships

1965/66Australian ChampionshipsPerth, Western Australia1st200 m20.9 (−1.2)
1966/67Australian ChampionshipsAdelaide, South Australia1st200 m21.3
1967/68Australian ChampionshipsSydney, New South Wales1st 200 m20.5 (0.0)
1968/69Australian ChampionshipsMelbourne, Victoria2nd 100 m10.6 (−0.5)
1st 200 m21.3 (−3.1)
1969/70Australian ChampionshipsAdelaide, South Australia1st 200 m21.0 (−2.1)
1971/72Australian ChampionshipsPerth, Western Australia3rd 200 m21.6
[35]

Legacy

Norman's nephew Matt Norman directed and produced a cinema-released documentary, Salute (2008), about the three runners, which was released by Paramount Pictures and Transmission Films. Paul Byrnes, in his Sydney Morning Herald review of Salute, said that the documentary makes it clear why Norman stood with the other two athletes. Byrnes writes, "He was a devout Christian, raised in the Salvation Army [and] believed passionately in equality for all, regardless of colour, creed or religion—the Olympic code".[36] In October 2018, Matt Norman with the help of journalist Andrew Webster released his uncle's official biography The Peter Norman Story.

An airbrush mural of the trio on podium was painted in 2000 in the inner-city suburb of Newtown in Sydney.{{#tag:ref|39 Pine Street, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia|group="A"}} Silvio Offria, who allowed an artist known only as "Donald" to paint the mural on his house in Leamington Lane, said that Norman came to see the mural, "He came and had his photo taken, he was very happy."[37] The monochrome tribute, captioned "THREE PROUD PEOPLE MEXICO 68", was under threat of demolition in 2010 to make way for a rail tunnel[37] but is now listed as an item of heritage significance.[38]

Recognition

  • 1999 – Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductee
  • 2000 – Australian Sports Medal
  • 2010 – Athletics Australia Hall of Fame inductee
  • 2018 – Order of Merit from Australian Olympic Committee[39]
  • 2018 - Athletics Australia in partnership with the Victorian Government announced the building and erecting a bronze statue of Norman at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne. The statue will honour Norman’s legacy as an athlete and advocate for human rights.[40]

References

Annotations
1. ^1 2 [https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/no/peter-norman-1.html Peter Norman]. sports-reference.com
2. ^{{harvnb|Carlson|2006|p=}}
3. ^{{harvnb|Associated Press|2006|p=}}
4. ^1 {{harvnb|Frost|2008|p=}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/peter-normans-olympic-statement/story-e6freon6-1111112325566 |title=Peter Norman's Olympic statement |publisher=Courier Mail |author=Hurst, Mike |date=8 Oct 2006 |accessdate=10 January 2014}}
6. ^1 2 {{harvnb|Hawker|2008|p=}}
7. ^{{harvnb|Irwin|2012|p=}}
8. ^[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1968/ATH/mens-200-metres.html Athletics at the 1968 Ciudad de México Summer Games: Men's 200 metres]. sports-reference.com
9. ^{{harvnb|New Scientist|1981| p=285}}
10. ^{{harvnb|Flanagan|2006|p=}}
11. ^1 {{harvnb|Hurst|2006|p=}}
12. ^{{harvnb|Johnstone|Norman|2008| p=}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/24/sport/olympics-norman-black-power/ |title=The third man: The forgotten Black Power hero - CNN |first=By James Montague, |last=CNN |publisher=}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://theconversation.com/i-will-stand-with-you-finally-an-apology-to-peter-norman-10107 |title='I will stand with you': finally, an apology to Peter Norman |first=Steve |last=Georgakis |publisher=}}
15. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2016/08/07/the-forgotten-story-behind-the-black-power-photo-from-1968-olympics.html |title=The forgotten story behind the ‘black power’ photo from 1968 Olympics |first=Donovan |last=Vincent |date=7 August 2016 |publisher= |via=Toronto Star}}
16. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/rio-2016-olympic-friendships-john-carlos-peter-norman-tommie-smith-mexico-city-1968-black-power-7166771.html |title=Divided by their colour, united by the cause |date=1 August 2016 |publisher=}}
17. ^{{cite journal |title=IOC Releases 1972 Olympic Standards |journal=Track and Field News |date=May 1971 |page=24}}
18. ^{{cite news |title=A sprint hope who ran foul of Olympic starters gun |work=National Times |issue=3–8 April 1972 p.28}}
19. ^1 2 {{cite news |last1=Messenger |first1=Robert |title=Leigh sprints into wrong lane over Norman |url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/leigh-sprints-into-wrong-lane-over-norman-20120823-24oug.html |accessdate=12 November 2015 |work=Sydney Morning Herald |date=24 August 2012}}
20. ^1 {{cite news |title=Peter may have lost team place |url=http://corporate.olympics.com.au/files/dmfile/Peter%20Norman%20-%20Ron%20Carter%20article%20-%20The%20Age%201972.pdf |accessdate=12 November 2015 |work=The Age |date=27 March 1972}}
21. ^{{cite journal |title=National Championships - 24-25 March 1972, Perry Lakes Stadium, Perth |journal=Australasian Amateur Athletics |date=April 1972 |pages=2–3}}
22. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=Peter Norman not shunned by AOC |url=http://corporate.olympics.com.au/news/peter-norman-not-shunned-by-aoc |website=Australian Olympic Committee News, 6 November 2015 |accessdate=12 November 2015}}
23. ^{{cite journal |title=IOC Releases 1972 Olympic Standards |journal=Track and Field News |date=May 1971 |page=24}}
24. ^{{cite news |title=A sprint hope who ran foul of Olympic starters gun |work=National Times |issue=3–8 April 1972 p.28}}
25. ^{{cite news |last1=Messenger |first1=Robert |title=Leigh sprints into wrong lane over Norman |url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/leigh-sprints-into-wrong-lane-over-norman-20120823-24oug.html |accessdate=12 November 2015 |work=Sydney Morning Herald |date=24 August 2012}}
26. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/21/world/asia/australia-norman-olympic-apology/ |title=Apology urged for Australian Olympian in 1968 black power protest |first=Hilary |last=Whiteman |publisher=CNN |date=21 August 2012 |accessdate=2 September 2015}}
27. ^{{harvnb|Schembri|2008|p=}}
28. ^{{harvnb|The Daily Telegraph|2012|p=}}
29. ^{{harvnb|Australian Associated Press|2012|p=}}
30. ^{{harvnb|Whiteman|2012|p=}}
31. ^{{harvnb|Parliament of Australia|2012|p=1865}}
32. ^https://www.news.com.au/sport/black-power-apology-for-australian-sprinter-peter-norman-48-years-in-the-making/news-story/d119f8b8257aad2c2d46ec1c55e0a47f
33. ^https://www.indy100.com/article/brilliant-story-other-guy-olympics-black-power-1968-photo-8008636
34. ^{{harvnb|Carlos|Eastley|2012|p=}}
35. ^1 {{cite web |title=Peter Norman |url=http://athhistory.imgstg.com/athletes/athlete612.htm |website=athhistory.imgstg.com |publisher=Australia Athletics Historical Results |accessdate=26 March 2015}}
36. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/film-reviews/salute/2008/07/17/1216163010320.html |title=Salute |publisher=Sydney Morning Herald |author=Byrnes, Paul |date=17 July 2008 |accessdate=10 January 2014}}
37. ^1 {{harvnb|Tovey|2010|p=}}
38. ^{{harvnb|City of Sydney|2010|p=27}}
39. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/other-sports/103456402/aussie-sprinter-who-stood-on-podium-during-1968-black-power-salute-to-be-recognised |title=Aussie sprinter who stood on podium during 1968 black-power salute to be recognised |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax) |date=28 April 2018}}
40. ^{{cite web |title=Peter Norman Statue to be built |url=http://athletics.com.au/News/peter-norman-statue-to-be-built |website=Athletics Australia website |accessdate=9 October 2018}}
Footnotes
{{reflist|30em}}
References
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Australian Associated Press |authorlink=Australian Associated Press |date=20 August 2012 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/sprinter-norman-may-get-apology-20120819-24gl5.html |title=Sprinter Norman may get apology |work=The Age |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Associated Press |authorlink=Associated Press |date=4 October 2006 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/03/AR2006100301567.html |title=Peter Norman; Australian Medalist in '68 Games |work=Washington Post |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Carlos |first=John |last2=Eastley |first2=Tony |date=21 August 2012 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2012/s3572112.htm |title=John Carlos: No Australian finer than Peter Norman |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Carlson |first=Michael |date=5 October 2006 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/oct/05/guardianobituaries.australia |title=Unlikely Australian participant in black athletes' Olympic civil rights protest |format= |work=The Guardian |accessdate=23 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=City of Sydney |authorlink=City of Sydney |date=October 2010 |url=http://meetings.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/council/about-council/meetings/documents/meetings/2012/CSPC/120308/120308_CSPC_ITEM06_ATTACHMENTJ.PDF |title=Heritage Assessment of the Three Proud People mural |format= |publisher=City of Sydney |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002041030/http://meetings.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/council/about-council/meetings/documents/meetings/2012/CSPC/120308/120308_CSPC_ITEM06_ATTACHMENTJ.PDF |archivedate=2 October 2013 |df=dmy-all}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Flanagan |first=Martin |date=10 October 2006 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/tell-your-kids-about-peter-norman/2006/10/09/1160246071527.html |title=Tell Your Kids About Peter Norman |work=The Age |accessdate=28 July 2014 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Frost |first=Caroline |date=17 October 2008 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7674157.stm |title=The other man on the podium |format= |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=23 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Hawker |first=Phillippa |date=15 July 2008 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/film/salute-to-a-champion/2008/07/14/1215887536424.html?page=fullpage |title=Salute to a champion |work=The Age |accessdate=23 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Hurst |first=Mike |date=8 October 2006 |url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/peter-normans-olympic-statement/story-e6freon6-1111112325566 |title=Peter Norman's Olympic statement |format= |work=The Courier-Mail |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Irwin |first=James D. |date=27 September 2012 |url=http://www.theweeklings.com/friends/2012/09/27/the-humans-raced/ |title=The Humans Raced |format= |publisher=The Weeklings |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv |last=Johnstone |first=Damian |authorlink= |last2=Norman |first2=Matt T. |title=A Race to Remember: The Peter Norman Story |edition=2008 |year=2008 |publisher=JoJo Publishing |isbn=9780980495027}} - Total pages: 320
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Lucas |first=Dean |date=22 May 2013 |url=http://www.famouspictures.org/black-power/ |title=Black Power |format= |publisher=Famous Pictures Collection |accessdate=23 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv |last=New Scientist |authorlink=New Scientist |title=New Scientist Vol. 90, No. 1251 |edition=30 April 1981 |year=1981 |work=New Scientist |issn=0262-4079}} - Total pages: 64
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Schembri |first=Jim |date=17 July 2008 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/film-reviews/breviewb-emsaluteem-is-a-film-worthy-of-our-praise-and-our-thanks/2008/07/17/1216163014304.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1 |title=It's a film worthy not only of our praise, but of our thanks. |format= |work=The Age |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Parliament of Australia |authorlink=Parliament of Australia |date=11 October 2012 |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/chamber/votes/2012-10-11/toc_pdf/RVPF138.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22Peter%20Norman%22 |title=THE PARLIAMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS No. 138 |format= |publisher=Parliament of Australia |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=The Daily Telegraph |authorlink=The Daily Telegraph (Sydney) |date=20 August 2012 |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/olympian-apology-on-agenda/story-fndo317g-1226453624076 |title=Olympian apology on agenda |format= |work=Herald Sun |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Tovey |first=Josephine |date=27 July 2010 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/last-stand-for-newtowns-three-proud-people-20100726-10smr.html |title=Last stand for Newtown's 'three proud people' |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv |last=Webster |first=Andrew |authorlink= |last2=Norman |first2=Matt T. |title=The Peter Norman Story |edition=2018 |year=2018 |publisher=Pan MacMillan Australia |isbn=9781925481365}} - Total pages: 304
  • {{cite web |ref=harv |last=Whiteman |first=Hilary |date=21 August 2012 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/21/world/asia/australia-norman-olympic-apology/index.html |title=Apology urged for Australian Olympian in 1968 black power protest |publisher=CNN |accessdate=22 October 2013 |quote=}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • {{YouTube|--lzACn0aZ8|1968 Olympic 200 Meters}}
  • Peter Norman – Athletics Australia Hall of Fame
  • Peter Norman – Sport Australia Hall of Fame
  • {{IMDb name|id=0635602}}
{{Footer Australia NC 200m Men}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Norman, Peter}}

18 : 1942 births|2006 deaths|Australian male sprinters|Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Olympic athletes of Australia|Olympic silver medalists for Australia|Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|Athletes (track and field) at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|Athletes (track and field) at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia|Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics|Sportspeople from Melbourne|Australian Salvationists|People educated at the Southport School|Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal|Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees|Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
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