| 词条 | Phanerochaete |
| 释义 |
| image = Phanerochaete.velutina2.-.lindsey.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Phanerochaete velutina | regnum = Fungi | divisio = Basidiomycota | classis = Agaricomycetes | ordo = Polyporales | familia = Phanerochaetaceae | genus = Phanerochaete | genus_authority = P.Karst (1889) | type_species = Phanerochaete alnea | type_species_authority = (Fr.) P.Karst. (1889) | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms = *Corticium Fr. (1835)
| subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = }} Phanerochaete is a genus of crust fungi in the family Phanerochaetaceae. TaxonomyThe genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten in 1889.[2] Marinus Anton Donk redefined the limits of the genus in two publications in 1957 and 1962.[3][4] Phanerochaete has traditionally been delimited based on the overall morphology of the fruit body, as well as microscopic characteristics including the nature of the hyphal structure, cystidia, and spores. Molecular analyses demonstrate that the genus is polyphyletic, containing members placed throughout the phlebioid clade of the Polyporales.[5][6] The genus name is derived from the Greek words φανεφός ("distinct") and χαίτη ("hair").[3] DescriptionPhanerochaete species have membranaceous, crust-like fruit bodies. The hyphal system is monomitic, with simple-septate generative hyphae; single or multiple clamps may be present in the subiculum. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped and smooth. Spores of the genus are thin-walled, inamyloid, hyaline, and have a cylindrical to ellipsoidal shape. Phanerochaete species cause white rot on both conifers and hardwoods.[5]ChemistryPhanerochaete includes white rot fungi that are able to degrade the woody polymer lignin to carbon dioxide. This is achieved, in part, by lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases. These peroxidases are also able to mediate oxidation of a wide variety of organic pollutants. The genome of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was sequenced and shows the genetic potential to make over 100 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases.[9] White rot fungi have been used in bioremediation efforts to break down potentially harmful chemicals in soil and in water.[10] For example, phenol-formaldehyde is degraded by P. chrysosporium,[11] while P. sordida breaks down the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin.[12]Species{{As of|2016|December}}, Index Fungorum accepts 92 species of Phanerochaete:[13]
Further reading
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |author1=Burdsall, H.H. Jr. |author2=Gilbertson, R.L. |year=1974 |title=Three new species of Phanerochaete (Aphyllophorales, Corticiaceae) |journal=Mycologia |volume=66 |issue= |pages=780–790 |url= |doi=10.2307/3758198}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]2. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Burdsall, H.H. |year=1985 |title=A contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Phanerochaete |journal=Mycologia Memoirs |volume=10 |pages=1–165}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Burdsall, H.H. |author2=Beltrán-Tejera, E. |author3=Rodríguez-Armas, J.L. |year=1995 |title=Phanerochaete andreae sp. nov. (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycotina), from the Canary Islands |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=54 |pages=295–298}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |author=Kirk PM. |title=Species Fungorum (version 29th November 2016). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/9945d390b2a9fb67f209c0566226f59b |accessdate=2016-12-01}} 5. ^1 {{cite journal |author=De, A.B. |year=1991 |title=A new species of Phanerochaete (Aphyllophorales, Corticiaceae) from India |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=42 |pages=29–34}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Donk, M.A. |year=1957 |title=The proposed names for Hymenomycetes. VII: "Thelephoraceae" (Conclusion) |journal=Taxon |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=106–123 |doi=10.2307/1217754}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Donk, M.A. |year=1962 |title=Notes on resupinate Hymenomycetes-VI |journal=Persoonia |volume=2 |pages=217–238 |url=}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal |author1=Floudas, D |author2=Hibbett, D.S. |year=2015 |title=Revisiting the taxonomy of Phanerochaete (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) using a four gene dataset and extensive ITS sampling |journal=Fungal Biology |volume=119 |pages=679–719 |doi=10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.003}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh |author2=Liu, Shi-Liang |author3=Dai, Yu-Cheng |year=2015 |title=Molecular and morphological evidence reveal a new non-cystidiate species belonging to the core Phanerochaete (Polyporales) |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=14 |page=69 |doi=10.1007/s11557-015-1072-9}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Gusse, A.C. |author2=Miller, P.D. |author3=Volk, T.J. |year=2006 |journal=Environmental Science and Technology |title=White-rot fungi demonstrate first biodegradation of phenolic resin |pmid=16856735 |doi=10.1021/es060408h |volume=40 |pages=4196–9}} 11. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Hallenberg, N. |year=1978 |title=Wood-Fungi (Corticiaceae, Coniophoraceae, Lachnocladiaceae, Thelephoraceae) in N. Iran. I |journal=Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology |volume=14 |pages=38–87}} 12. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Hjortstam, K. |year=2000 |title=Two new species of Phanerochaete (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales), and a key to species from subtropical and tropical areas |journal=Karstenia |volume=40 |pages=53–62}} 13. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Hjortstam, K. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=2004 |title=Some new tropical genera and species of corticioid fungi (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=18 |pages=20–32}} 14. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Karsten, Petter |title=Kritisk öfversigt af Finlands Basidsvampar (Basidiomycetes; Gastero- & Hymenomycetes) |journal=Bidrag till Kännedom of Finlands Natur Folk |year=1889 |volume=48 |pages=1–470 (see p. 426) |language=Finnish}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author1=Lin, S.H. |author2=Chen, Z.C. |year=1990 |title=The Corticiaceae and the resupinate Hydnaceae of Taiwan |journal=Taiwania |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=69–111}} 16. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Liu, S.L. |author2=He, S.H. |year=2016 |title=Phanerochaete porostereoides, a new species in the core clade with brown generative hyphae from China |journal=Mycosphere |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=648–655 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/7/5/10 |url=http://www.mycosphere.org/pdf/Mycosphere_7_5_10.pdf}} 17. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Wu, S.H. |author2=Losi, C. |year=1995 |title=Phanerochaete parvispora sp. nov. (Aphyllophorales) from Venetian Lagoon, Italy |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=55 |pages=543–545}} 18. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Martinez, Diego |author2=Larrondo, Luis F. |author3=Putnam, Nik |author4=Gelpke, Maarten D Sollewijn |author5=Huang, Katherine |author6=Chapman, Jarrod |author7=Helfenbein, Kevin G. |author8=Ramaiya, Preethi |author9=Detter, J. Chris |author10=Larimer, Frank |author11=Coutinho, Pedro M. |author12=Henrissat, Bernard |author13=Berka, Randy |author14=Cullen, Dan |author15=Rokhsar, Daniel |year=2004 |title=Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 |journal=Nature Biotechnology |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=695–700 |pmid=15122302 |doi=10.1038/nbt967}} 19. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Martínez, Sebastian |author2=Nakasone, Karen K. |year=2005 |title=The genus Phanerochaete (Corticiaceae, Basidiomycotina) sensu lato in Uruguay |journal=Sydowia |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=94–101 |url=https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_martinez001.pdf}} 20. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Mori, T. |author2=Wang, J. |author3=Tanaka, Y. |author4=Nagai, K. |author5=Kawagishi, H. |author6=Hirai, H. |title=Bioremediation of the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida |journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials |volume=321 |pages=586–590 |doi=10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.049 |pmid=27694022}} 21. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Roberts, P. |year=2000 |title=Corticioid fungi from Korup National Park, Cameroon |journal=Kew Bulletin |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=803–842}} 22. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Sádlíková, M. |author2=Kout, J. |year=2017 |title=A new Phanerochaete (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) with brown subicular hyphae from Thailand |journal=Mycosphere |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=1124–1030 |url=http://www.mycosphere.org/pdf/Mycosphere_8_6_4.pdf}} {{open access}} 23. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Syed, K. |author2=Yadav, J.S. |title=P450 monooxygenases (P450ome) of the model white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium |journal=Critical Reviews in Microbiology |year=2012 |pmid=22624627 |doi=10.3109/1040841X.2012.682050 |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=339–363|pmc=3567848 }} 24. ^1 {{cite web |title=Phanerochaete P. Karst. 1889 |url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Table=Mycobank&Rec=39731&Fields=All |publisher=MycoBank. International Mycological Association |accessdate=2012-05-02}} 25. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite journal |author=Wu, Sheng-Hua |year=1998 |title=Nine new species of Phanerochaete from Taiwan |journal=Mycological Research |volume=102 |issue=9 |pages=1126–1132 |doi=10.1017/S0953756298006091}} 26. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Wu, S.H. |year=2000 |title=Six new species of Phanerochaete from Taiwan |journal=Botanical Bulletin of the Academia Sinica (Taipei) |volume=41 |pages=165–174}} 27. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author1=Wu, Sheng-Hua |author2=Nilsson, Henrik R. |author3=Chen, Cheng-Tao |author4=Yu, Shi-Yi |author5=Hallenberg, Nils |year=2010 |title=The white-rotting genus Phanerochaete is polyphyletic and distributed throughout the phleboid clade of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota) |journal=Fungal Diversity |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=107–118 |doi=10.1007/s13225-010-0031-7}} 28. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author1=Sheng-Hua Wu |author2=Yu-Ping Chen |author3=Chia-Ling Wei |author4=Dimitrios Floudas |author5=Yu-Cheng Dai |year=2018 |title=Two new species of Phanerochaete (Basidiomycota) and redescription of P. robusta |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=425–435 |doi=10.1007/s11557-017-1368-z}} }}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1614459}} 4 : Phanerochaetaceae|Polyporales genera|Taxa named by Petter Adolf Karsten|Fungi described in 1889 |
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